ABSTRACT

Memory serves critical functions in everyday life, but it is also vulnerable to error and illusion. Two decades ago, I proposed that memory errors could be classified into seven basic categories or “sins”: transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. I argued that each of the seven sins provides important insights concerning the fundamentally constructive nature of human memory, while at the same time reflecting its adaptive features. In this article I briefly summarise some key developments during the past two decades that have increased our understanding of the nature, consequences, and adaptive functions of the memory sins.

 抽象的

记忆在日常生活中发挥着至关重要的作用，但它也容易出现错误和错觉。二十年前，我提出记忆错误可以分为七个基本类别或“罪过”：短暂性、心不在焉、阻塞性、错误归因性、暗示性、偏见性和持久性。我认为，七宗罪中的每一项都提供了关于人类记忆的基本建设性本质的重要见解，同时反映了其适应性特征。在这篇文章中，我简要总结了过去二十年中的一些关键发展，这些发展增进了我们对记忆罪的本质、后果和适应性功能的理解。