Background

Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes are a major preventable cause of death in the United States. One potential factor that may modulate the influence of alcohol on driving-related cognitions and decision-making is trauma-related stress. Indeed, in addition to compelling research indicating that both acute trauma-related stress and acute alcohol consumption may independently affect driving-related risky decision-making, there is reason to believe that the combination of these antecedents may have an exacerbating effect.

Methods

The current study evaluated the influence of induction of acute trauma-related stress (via script-driven imagery) after alcohol consumption (0.06% Breath Alcohol Concentration [BrAC]) on driving-related cognitions – perceived likelihood of negative consequences and willingness to drive – among 25 trauma-exposed (currently symptomatic) adult drinkers from the community (M = 24.08; 36.0% female).

Results

Participants who were acutely exposed to trauma-related stress after alcohol consumption evidenced lower perceived likelihood of being pulled over by a police officer (ηp2 = 0.38, large effect size) and lower perceived likelihood of getting in an accident (ηp2 = 0.17, medium-to-large effect size) relative to participants exposed to a neutral cue; conversely, participants exposed to trauma-related stress after alcohol consumption evidenced greater willingness to drive (d = 1.16, large effect size) than participants exposed to a neutral cue.

Conclusions

Generally, findings suggest that individuals with a trauma history that are acutely exposed to trauma-related stressors (e.g., reminders of their traumatic experience) may be particularly vulnerable to poorer driving-related decision-making after alcohol consumption. Results provide a meaningful target for the development of intoxicated driving prevention and intervention efforts geared specifically for individuals with trauma history.

中文翻译：

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饮酒后创伤相关压力对负面后果感知可能性和驾驶意愿的影响

 背景

与酒精相关的机动车事故是美国可预防的主要死亡原因。可能调节酒精对驾驶相关认知和决策影响的潜在因素之一是创伤相关压力。事实上，除了令人信服的研究表明急性创伤相关压力和急性饮酒可能独立影响驾驶相关的风险决策外，还有理由相信这些因素的结合可能会产生加剧的影响。

 方法

当前的研究评估了饮酒（0.06%呼吸酒精浓度[BrAC]）后诱发急性创伤相关压力（通过脚本驱动的图像）对驾驶相关认知的影响——感知负面后果的可能性和驾驶意愿——来自社区的 25 名遭受过创伤（目前有症状）的成年饮酒者（ M = 24.08；36.0% 女性）。

 结果

饮酒后严重暴露于创伤相关压力的参与者表现出被警察拦下的感知可能性较低（ ηp2 = 0.38，大效应量）和发生事故的感知可能性较低（ ηp2 = 0.17，中-相对于暴露于中性提示的参与者而言，效应大小较大；相反，饮酒后暴露于创伤相关压力的参与者比暴露于中性线索的参与者表现出更大的驾驶意愿（ d = 1.16，大效应量）。

 结论

一般来说，研究结果表明，有创伤史且严重暴露于创伤相关压力源（例如，创伤经历的提醒）的个体在饮酒后可能特别容易做出较差的驾驶相关决策。结果为专门针对有创伤史的个体的酒后驾驶预防和干预工作的发展提供了有意义的目标。