An antibody conjugated boronic acid modified silver chip (ABAS ship) is fabricated as a simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and cost-effective sample preparation method for abused drug quantification in human urine. Ketamine, one common abused drug, was applied as proof of concept for ABAS chip with high resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The overall testing process required 10 min at part per billion (ppb) sensitivity level, where current drug testing method necessitated several hours with similar sensitivity. The ABAS chip manufacture process started with slide glass by way of silver mirror reaction to form silver conductive glass for further chemical conjugation. Boronic acid functional group was decorated on silver conductive glass through the formation of silver-thiol (Ag–S) bond. Anti-ketamine antibody was covalently conjugated to boronic acid modified silver conductive glass through the formation of cyclic boronate ester between the boronic acid and the cis-diol groups on the glycans of antibody, which maintain the correct orientation to maximally capture its antigen. The resulting ABAS chip were designed to specifically capture ketamine in human urine samples, that could be directly analyzed by addition of MALDI α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) matrix solution. The linear dynamic range of concentration in this method was 10–500 ng/mL with coefficient of determination 0.996. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.0 and 7.0 ng/mL, respectively. Importantly, the proposed method allows rapid and accurate quantification of ketamine from suspects’ urine samples in 10 min and small sample volume of 1 μL was required. The resulting data were consistent with traditional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Our homemade ABAS chip could thus provide a powerful tool not only for forensic science but also for most clinical diagnosis of disease as many expression antibodies for the occurrence of diverse diseases could be simply produced and purchased.

抗体缀合的硼酸修饰的银芯片（ABAS船）被制造为一种简单，快速，准确，灵敏且具有成本效益的样品制备方法，用于人尿中滥用药物的定量分析。氯胺酮是一种常见的滥用药物，它通过高分辨率基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI-TOF MS）分析用作ABAS芯片的概念验证。整个测试过程需要以十亿分之一（ppb）的灵敏度水平进行10分钟，而当前的药物测试方法需要几小时才能达到类似的灵敏度。ABAS芯片的制造过程从载玻片通过银镜反应开始，以形成用于进一步化学共轭的银导电玻璃。硼酸官能团通过形成银-硫醇（Ag-S）键在银导电玻璃上修饰。通过在硼酸和抗体聚糖上的顺式-二醇基团之间形成环状硼酸酯，将抗氯胺酮抗体共价偶联到硼酸修饰的银导电玻璃上，从而保持正确的方向以最大程度地捕获其抗原。所得的ABAS芯片被设计为专门捕获人尿液样品中的氯胺酮，可以通过添加MALDIα-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸（CHCA）基质溶液直接对其进行分析。该方法的线性浓度动态范围为10–500 ng / mL，测定系数为0.996。检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为2.0 ng / mL和7.0 ng / mL。重要的，所提出的方法可以在10分钟内快速，准确地从犯罪嫌疑人的尿液中定量检测氯胺酮，并且需要1μL的小体积样品。所得数据与传统气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）分析一致。因此，我们的自制ABAS芯片不仅可以为法医学提供强大的工具，而且可以为大多数疾病的临床诊断提供强大的工具，因为可以简单地生产和购买多种表达多种疾病的表达抗体。