Sulfur is the tenth most abundant element in the universe and is known to play a significant role in biological systems. Accordingly, in recent years there has been increased interest in the role of sulfur in astrochemical reactions and planetary geology and geochemistry. Among the many avenues of research currently being explored is the laboratory processing of astrophysical ice analogues. Such research involves the synthesis of an ice of specific morphology and chemical composition at temperatures and pressures relevant to a selected astrophysical setting (such as the interstellar medium or the surfaces of icy moons). Subsequent processing of the ice under conditions that simulate the selected astrophysical setting commonly involves radiolysis, photolysis, thermal processing, neutral-neutral fragment chemistry, or any combination of these, and has been the subject of several studies. The in-situ changes in ice morphology and chemistry occurring during such processing are often monitored via spectroscopic or spectrometric techniques. In this paper, we have reviewed the results of laboratory investigations concerned with sulfur chemistry in several astrophysical ice analogues. Specifically, we review (i) the spectroscopy of sulfur-containing astrochemical molecules in the condensed phase, (ii) atom and radical addition reactions, (iii) the thermal processing of sulfur-bearing ices, (iv) photochemical experiments, (v) the non-reactive charged particle radiolysis of sulfur-bearing ices, and (vi) sulfur ion bombardment of and implantation in ice analogues. Potential future studies in the field of solid phase sulfur astrochemistry are also discussed in the context of forthcoming space missions, such as the NASA James Webb Space Telescope and the ESA Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission.

中文翻译：

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硫冰天体化学：实验室研究回顾

硫是宇宙中第十大最丰富的元素，众所周知，它在生物系统中发挥着重要作用。因此，近年来，人们对硫在天体化学反应以及行星地质和地球化学中的作用越来越感兴趣。目前正在探索的众多研究途径之一是天体物理冰类似物的实验室处理。此类研究涉及在与选定的天体物理环境（例如星际介质或冰卫星表面）相关的温度和压力下合成具有特定形态和化学成分的冰。在模拟选定天体物理环境的条件下对冰的后续处理通常涉及辐射分解、光解、热处理、中性-中性碎片化学或这些的任何组合，并已成为多项研究的主题。在这种处理过程中发生的冰形态和化学原位变化通常通过光谱或光谱技术进行监测。在本文中，我们回顾了与几种天体物理冰类似物中硫化学有关的实验室研究结果。具体来说，我们回顾了 (i) 凝聚相中含硫天体化学分子的光谱，(ii) 原子和自由基加成反应，(iii) 含硫冰的热处理，(iv) 光化学实验，(v)含硫冰的非反应性带电粒子辐射分解，以及 (vi) 硫离子轰击和植入冰类似物。