Thermodynamic (detailed balance) limits of single-junction and tandem-type solar cells are calculated under different solar spectra, which are spectra of blackbody (6000 K), air mass 0, air mass 1.5 global (1.5G), and air mass 1.5 direct (1.5D). The solar cells are described by blackbody under room temperature of 298.15 K. It is disclosed that optimized bandgaps of single-junction solar cells with the highest conversion efficiencies of 31.6, 30.6, 33.7 and 33.1% are 1.29, 1.25, 1.34, and 1.34 eV under illuminations of blackbody (6000 K), air mass 0, air mass 1.5G, and air mass 1.5D, respectively. Conversion efficiencies of 43.2, 42.2, 45.5, and 45.1% are further increased for double-junction tandem solar cells with optimized bandgaps of bottom and top cells under spectra of blackbody (6000 K), air mass 0, air mass 1.5G, and air mass 1.5D, respectively. Moreover, detailed balance limits of tandem solar cells with perovskite top cells with bandgap range of 1.60–1.63 eV were realized with high conversion efficiency, when bandgap values of bottom cells are optimized in a range of 0.8–1.01 eV, and at 1.1 eV. It is also disclosed that the optical matching between top cell absorber and bottom cell absorber should be optimized for the high cell performances.

在不同的太阳光谱下计算单结和串联型太阳能电池的热力学（详细平衡）极限，这些光谱是黑体（6000 K），空气质量0，整体空气质量1.5（1.5G）和空气质量1.5的光谱直接（1.5D）。太阳能电池在298.15 K的室温下用黑体描述。公开了具有最高转换效率31.6％，30.6％，33.7％和33.1％的单结太阳能电池的优化带隙为1.29、1.25、1.34和1.34 eV。在黑体（6000 K），空气质量0，空气质量1.5G和空气质量1.5D的光照下。对于在黑体（6000 K），空气质量0，空气质量1.5G和空气的光谱下具有最佳底部和顶部电池带隙的双结串联太阳能电池，转换效率进一步提高了43.2、42.2、45.5和45.1％。质量1.5D 分别。此外，当底部电池的带隙值在0.8–1.01 eV的范围内以及在1.1 eV的范围内进行优化时，能以高转换效率实现具有钙钛矿顶部电池的带隙范围为1.60–1.63 eV的串联太阳能电池的详细平衡极限。还公开了应该针对高电池性能来优化顶部电池吸收器与底部电池吸收器之间的光学匹配。