Introduction

The physical and mental health benefits of cycling are well established. During the COVID-19 pandemic cycling has also presented additional health benefits by enabling social distancing compared to public transport modes. In low-cycling countries these benefits are unevenly realised, with substantial differences in cycling mode share by age and gender. In England and Wales women are four times less likely to commute by bicycle than men; and commuters aged 35–49 cycle more than other age categories.

Methods

This paper explores these demographic effects and their interactions. It uses logit models to examine the relationship between 17 determinants of cycling mode share and cycling rates for six demographic groups (males and females in age categories of 18-34, 35–49 and 50–74) across 29,694 small geographic units in England and Wales. The determinants comprise: distance; population density; cycle paths; cycle lanes; traffic density; hilliness; temperature; sun; rain; wind; wealth; lower social status; children; green votes; bicycle performance; traffic risk and parking costs.

Results

Determinants associated with physical effort (hilliness and distance) and traffic (traffic density and cycle lanes) are more important in the older age groups for both men and women. More important than the qualitative mix of determinants is their combined effect, or utility. Women require a higher threshold of utility to start cycling than men; and in higher utility environments gender differences are almost non-existent. Differences in cycling rates by age-group also reduce in higher utility environments, although the effects are less pronounced and older commuters still cycle less than other age-groups even in the highest utility environemnts.

Conclusions

The results provide insight into the relative importance of gender versus age, and illustrate that cycling rates are more strongly associated with gender than age. For both dimensions, better cycling environments are shown to be more equal cycling environments.

中文翻译：

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年龄和性别对骑自行车模式分享的影响的比较和相互作用：英格兰和威尔士的通勤分析

介绍

骑自行车对身体和精神的健康益处已得到充分确立。与公共交通方式相比，在大流行COVID-19期间，大流行骑自行车还通过实现社会隔离而带来了更多的健康益处。在低骑自行车国家中，这些收益的实现不平衡，并且骑自行车模式所占比例因年龄和性别而有很大差异。在英格兰和威尔士，骑自行车上下班的可能性是男子的四倍。35-49岁的通勤者比其他年龄段的骑行者更多。

方法

本文探讨了这些人口统计学影响及其相互作用。它使用logit模型来检查英格兰和英国29694个小地理区域中六个人口群体（年龄在18-34岁，35-49岁和50-74岁之间的年龄段的男性和女性）的17个骑车模式份额决定因素与骑车率之间的关系。威尔士。决定因素包括：距离；人口密度; 循环路径；自行车道; 交通密度；丘陵 温度; 太阳; 雨; 风; 财富; 较低的社会地位；孩子们 绿色投票；自行车表演；交通风险和停车费用。

结果

对于男性和女性，与体力劳动（上坡度和距离）和交通状况（交通密度和自行车道）相关的决定因素在老年人群中更为重要。比起定性因素的定性混合，更重要的是它们的综合作用或效用。妇女开始骑自行车的实用性门槛高于男性；在更高的公用事业环境中，几乎不存在性别差异。在较高的效用环境中，按年龄组划分的骑行速度差异也减小了，尽管影响不那么明显，即使在效用最高的环境中，老年通勤者的骑行仍然比其他年龄组少。

结论

结果提供了关于性别与年龄的相对重要性的见解，并说明了骑自行车的频率与性别的关系比与年龄的关系更紧密。对于这两个维度，更好的骑行环境显示为更平等的骑行环境。