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Evolutionary game in an androdioecious population: Coupling of outcrossing and male production
Journal of Theoretical Biology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110594
Sachi Yamaguchi , Yoh Iwasa

Androdioecy, the coexistence of hermaphrodites and males, is very rare in vertebrates but occurs in mangrove killifish living in ephemeral or unstable habitats. Hermaphrodites reproduce both by outcrossing with males and by selfing. Outbreeding is advantageous because of inbreeding depression, but it requires encounters with males. The advantages of a propensity for outcrossing among hermaphrodites and the production of males affect each other very strongly. To study the evolutionary coupling of these two aspects, we here analyze a simple evolutionary game for a population composed of three phenotypes: outcrossing-oriented hermaphrodites, selfing-oriented hermaphrodites, and males. Outcrossing-oriented hermaphrodites first attempt to search for males and perform outcrossing if they encounter males. If they fail to encounter males, they reproduce via selfing. Selfing-oriented hermaphrodites simply reproduce by selfing. The replicator dynamics may show bistability, in which both the androdioecious population (with outcrossing-oriented hermaphrodites and males) and the pure hermaphroditic population are locally stable. The model shows the fraction of males is either zero or relatively high (more than 25%), which is not consistent with the observed low fraction of males (less than 5%). To explain this discrepancy, we studied several models including immigration and enforced copulation. We concluded that the observed pattern can be most likely explained by a population dominated by selfing-oriented hermaphrodites receiving immigration of males.



中文翻译:

雌雄同体种群中的进化博弈:异体繁殖与雄性繁殖的耦合

雌雄同体和雄性并存的雄雄生殖在脊椎动物中非常少见,但发生在生活在短暂或不稳定栖息地的红树林kill鱼中。雌雄同体通过与雄性杂交和自交来繁殖。由于近亲沮丧,近交是有利的,但它需要与雄性相遇。雌雄同体异性交配的优势与雄性的繁殖之间的相互影响非常强烈。为了研究这两个方面的进化耦合,我们在这里分析一个简单的进化博弈,该种群由三种表型组成:以异型为交配的雌雄同体,以自交为主的雌雄同体和雄性。面向异性交配的雌雄同体首先尝试寻找雄性,并在遇到雄性时进行异交。如果他们没有遇到男性,它们通过自交繁殖。面向自交的雌雄同体仅通过自交进行繁殖。复制器的动力学可能显示出双稳态,其中雄性雄性种群(具有异性定向的雌雄同体和雄性)和纯雌雄同体种群都在局部稳定。该模型显示,男性比例为零或相对较高(大于25%),这与观察到的男性比例低(小于5%)不一致。为了解释这种差异,我们研究了几种模型,包括移民和强制交配。我们得出的结论是,观察到的模式最有可能由以男性为主导的以自我为导向的雌雄同体为主的人口解释。其中雌雄同体的种群(具有异性交配的雌雄同体和雄性)和纯雌雄同体的种群都在当地稳定。该模型显示,男性比例为零或相对较高(大于25%),这与观察到的男性比例低(小于5%)不一致。为了解释这种差异,我们研究了几种模型,包括移民和强制交配。我们得出的结论是,观察到的模式最有可能由以男性为主导的以自我为导向的雌雄同体为主的人口解释。其中雌雄同体的种群(具有异性交配的雌雄同体和雄性)和纯雌雄同体的种群都在当地稳定。该模型显示,男性比例为零或相对较高(大于25%),这与观察到的男性比例低(小于5%)不一致。为了解释这种差异,我们研究了几种模型,包括移民和强制交配。我们得出的结论是,观察到的模式最有可能由以男性为主导的以自我为导向的雌雄同体为主的人口解释。这与观察到的男性比例低(小于5%)不一致。为了解释这种差异,我们研究了几种模型,包括移民和强制交配。我们得出的结论是,观察到的模式最有可能由以男性为主导的以自我为导向的雌雄同体为主的人口解释。这与观察到的男性比例低(小于5%)不一致。为了解释这种差异,我们研究了几种模型,包括移民和强制交配。我们得出的结论是,观察到的模式最有可能由以男性为主导的以自我为导向的雌雄同体为主的人口解释。

更新日期:2021-01-28
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