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Tillage and sowing options for enhancing productivity and profitability of teff in a sub-tropical highland environment
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108050
Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie , Atsushi Tsunekawa , Nigussie Haregeweyn , Enyew Adgo , Mitsuru Tsubo , Tsugiyuki Masunaga , Derege Tsegaye Meshesha , Wataru Tsuji , Kindiye Ebabu , Asamenew Tassew

Despite teff being the major food crop cultivated in Ethiopia, its productivity remained very low (< 1500 kg ha−1) mainly due to a traditional crop management practice. Little or no evidence is available for the comparative performance of existing agronomic practices of teff. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different tillage, sowing, and soil compaction practices on productivity and economic attributes of teff. The study was conducted in the 2018 and 2019, in the highland agro-ecological zone of the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia. Treatments included combinations of two tillage practices (reduced and conventional), two sowing methods (row and broadcast), and two compaction options (with and without trampling). Tillage practice did not significantly influence grain yield in either year, but broadcast sowing gave higher grain and straw yields than row sowing in both years. Trampling gave higher grain and straw yields than no trampling. Reduced tillage, row sowing, and no trampling resulted in a significantly higher weed density than the corresponding farmer practices of conventional tillage, broadcast sowing, and trampling. Tillage and trampling methods did not significantly affect lodging, but lodging was significantly lower in row sowing than in broadcast sowing. The partial-budget analysis showed that most treatments incorporating conventional tillage were generally less profitable, as they gave less net benefit and more total variable cost. Therefore, reduced tillage + broadcast sowing−trampling, reduced tillage + broadcast sowing + trampling, reduced tillage + row sowing + trampling, and reduced tillage + row sowing−trampling were profitable, with net benefit values of 5983, 5367, 4913, and 4361 USD ha−1, respectively. The trampling was less important as it requires more labor or draft power. Therefore, we recommend the combined use of reduced tillage + row sowing without trampling as the best management practices for teff production. Row sowing is more appropriate for easy farm operation in mechanized teff production and farmers with adequate family labor. We conclude that reduced tillage and row sowing without trampling are promising practices to achieve reasonable yields at minimum cost, provided they are integrated with appropriate weed control.



中文翻译:

在亚热带高地环境中提高teff生产率和获利能力的耕作和播种选择

尽管teff是埃塞俄比亚种植的主要粮食作物,但其生产力仍然很低(<1500 kg ha -1),主要是由于传统的作物管理实践。现有的teff农艺实践的比较表现很少或没有证据。这项研究的目的是研究不同耕作,播种和土壤压实方法对teff的生产力和经济属性的影响。该研究于2018年和2019年在埃塞俄比亚上蓝尼罗河盆地的高原农业生态区进行。处理方法包括两种耕作方式(减少耕作和常规耕作),两种播种方法(行和直播)和两种压实选项(有或没有践踏)的组合。耕作方式在任何一年中都没有显着影响谷物产量,但播种播种的谷物和稻草单产都比行播两种年份高。踩踏比不踩踏能提高谷物和稻草的单产。耕作减少,行间播种和不踩踏导致杂草密度显着高于传统耕作,播种和踩踏的相应农民实践。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 耕作减少,行间播种和不踩踏导致杂草密度显着高于传统耕作,播种和踩踏的相应农民实践。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 耕作减少,行间播种和不踩踏导致杂草密度显着高于传统耕作,播种和踩踏的相应农民做法。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 并且没有践踏导致杂草密度显着高于传统耕作,播种和践踏的相应农民实践。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 并且没有践踏导致杂草密度显着高于传统耕作,播种和践踏的相应农民实践。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 和践踏。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 和践踏。耕作和践踏方法对倒伏没有明显影响,但行播比倒播显着降低倒伏。部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法通常收益较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕作+播种践踏,减少耕作+播种+践踏,减少耕作+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷 部分预算分析表明,大多数采用传统耕作的处理方法的收益通常较低,因为它们带来的净收益更少,总可变成本更高。因此,减少耕种+播种践踏,减少耕种+播种+践踏,减少耕种+行播+践踏以及减少耕种+行播种践踏都是有利的,其净收益值为5983、5367、4913和4361美元公顷-1。践踏并不是那么重要,因为它需要更多的劳动力或吃力。因此,我们建议将减少耕作+行播而不踩踏的组合使用作为teff生产的最佳管理方法。行播更适合于机械化teff生产中的简单农场操作以及拥有足够家庭劳动力的农民。我们得出的结论是,减少耕作和行耕播种而不踩踏是有希望的做法,只要与适当的杂草控制相结合,便可以以最低的成本获得合理的产量。

更新日期:2021-01-18
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