Over the past few years porous materials have become a topic of intense research. Porous poly(ionic liquid)s combine the porous architecture with intrinsic ionic liquids properties. In all research areas, the quest for new and improved materials has targeted functional materials with enhanced specificity and efficiency towards the final application. The application of porous materials ranges from sensing, protein separation, solid-phase extraction, catalysis, to CO₂ capture and reuse. Recently, the design, synthesis, and porosity control of poly(ionic liquid)s have been attempted through strategies that include classic polymerization techniques as well as molecular imprinting and aerogels production. This review aims at providing the recent advances on porous poly(ionic liquid)s, giving a critical perspective about the works in which key requirements for porosity induction are discussed. Several applications that rely on molecular interactions between the porous material and target compounds are presented, focusing mainly on CO₂ capture and reuse, along with some challenges that the scientific community in this field need to be aware of.

在过去的几年中，多孔材料已经成为深入研究的主题。多孔聚离子液体将多孔结构与固有的离子液体特性结合在一起。在所有研究领域中，对新材料和改进材料的追求都针对功能材料，这些材料具有更高的特异性和效率，可以最终应用。多孔材料的应用范围从传感，蛋白质分离，固相萃取，催化到CO ₂捕获和重用。近来，已经通过包括经典的聚合技术以及分子印迹和气凝胶生产在内的策略尝试了聚离子液体的设计，合成和孔隙率控制。这篇综述的目的是提供多孔聚离子液体的最新进展，对讨论孔隙诱导关键要求的工作给出一个批判性的观点。提出了一些依赖于多孔材料和目标化合物之间的分子相互作用的应用，主要集中在CO _2的捕获和再利用上，以及该领域的科学界需要意识到的一些挑战。