Ex situ plant collections established from seeds of natural populations are key tools for understanding mating systems of intricate taxonomic complexes, as in the Limonium Mill. genus (sea lavenders, Plumbaginaceae). Plants show a polymorphic sexual system associated to flower polymorphisms such as ancillary pollen and stigma and/or heterostyly that prevents self and intramorph mating. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the significance of pollen-stigma dimorphisms and the role of flower visitors in the reproductive output of hybrids arising from sexual diploids of Limonium ovalifolium complex and apomicts tetraploids of L. binervosum complex in an open cross-pollination experiment. Results showed that, similarly to parental plants, hybrids present inflorescence types, self-incompatible flowers, and produced regular pollen grains with the typical exine patterns, with medium to high viability. By contrast, apomicts show floral polymorphisms, inflorescences, and pollen grains of maternal phenotype but with low stainability. Several insects’ species visited the inflorescences of parental plants and both hybrids and apomicts and some of these insects carried A and/or B pollen grains on their bodies, especially Clepsis coriacana (Rebel) and Tapinoma sp. Insects’ floral visits to hybrids and apomicts seem to be independent of pollen fertility and plants’ reproductive modes. Both hybrids and apomicts were able to produce fertile seeds, although the latter showed more seedlings with developmental anomalies than the first plants. The findings demonstrate that there is a weak reproductive barrier between the diploid species of L. ovalifolium complex as they can hybridize and produce fertile hybrids, provided there is pollen transport by pollinator insects. This study supports that apomixis is a strong reproductive barrier between both L. ovalifolium and L. binervosum complexes but did not allow us to exclude reproductive interferences of apomict pollen into sexuals.

中文翻译：

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在开放式交叉定点实验中，卵圆叶补血草和Binervosum配合物（水葫芦科）的杂种和无融合生殖的生殖和昆虫行为

从天然种群的种子建立的异地植物收集是了解复杂分类学复合物交配系统的关键工具，例如在Limonium Mill中。属（海薰衣草，李子科）。植物显示出与花多态性（例如辅助花粉和柱头）相关的多态性系统，和/或杂种，阻止了自我和种内交配。这项研究的主要目的是调查花粉柱头二态性的意义和花访客在卵圆叶枸杞复合体有性二倍体和无融合生殖四倍体L. binervosum产生的杂种的生殖输出中的作用。开放式异花授粉实验中的复合物。结果表明，与亲本植物相似，杂种表现出花序类型，自交不亲和的花朵，并产生具有典型外在模式的规则花粉粒，具有中等到高的生存力。相比之下，无融合生殖细胞显示出母本表型的花多态性，花序和花粉粒，但可染性低。一些昆虫的物种访问了亲本植物，杂种和无缘植物的花序，其中一些昆虫的身上带有A和/或B花粉粒，特别是Cl虫（Cortisis coriacana）和锥虫（Tapinoma）sp。昆虫对杂种和无核小体的花期探访似乎与花粉育性和植物的繁殖方式无关。杂种和无融合生殖都能够产生能育的种子，尽管后者比第一批植物显示出更多具有发育异常的幼苗。研究结果表明，如果传粉昆虫传播花粉，卵圆叶线虫复合体的二倍体物种之间的繁殖屏障很弱，因为它们可以杂交并产生可育的杂种。该研究支持无融合生殖既是之间有很强的生殖障碍L. ovalifolium和L. binervosum复合物，但并没有让我们apomict花粉的生殖干扰排除到sexuals。