Major developments in nanomedicines, such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanosomes, and conjugates, have revolutionized drug delivery capabilities over the past four decades. Although nanocarrier agents provide numerous advantages (e.g., greater solubility and duration of systemic exposure) compared to their small-molecule counterparts, there is considerable inter-patient variability seen in the systemic disposition, tumor delivery and overall pharmacological effects (i.e., anti-tumor efficacy and unwanted toxicity) of NP agents. This review aims to provide a summary of fundamental factors that affect the disposition of NPs in the treatment of cancer and why they should be evaluated during preclinical and clinical development. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight some of the translational challenges associated with elements of NPs and how these issues can only be addressed by detailed and novel pharmacology studies.

中文翻译：

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影响纳米载体给药系统药理学、安全性和有效性的复杂因素和挑战


纳米药物（例如纳米颗粒 (NP)、纳米体和缀合物）的重大发展在过去四十年彻底改变了药物输送能力。尽管与小分子对应物相比，纳米载体试剂具有许多优点（例如，更大的溶解度和全身暴露持续时间），但在全身分布、肿瘤递送和总体药理作用（即抗肿瘤）方面存在相当大的患者间差异。 NP 制剂的功效和不良毒性）。本综述旨在总结影响纳米颗粒在癌症治疗中的处置的基本因素，以及为什么应在临床前和临床开发过程中对其进行评估。此外，本章将强调与纳米颗粒元素相关的一些转化挑战，以及如何通过详细和新颖的药理学研究来解决这些问题。