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Word Order Predicts Cross‐Linguistic Differences in the Production of Redundant Color and Number Modifiers
Cognitive Science ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 , DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12934
Sarah A Wu 1 , Edward Gibson 1
Affiliation  

When asked to identify objects having unique shapes and colors among other objects, English speakers often produce redundant color modifiers (“the red circle”) while Spanish speakers produce them less often (“el circulo (rojo)”). This cross‐linguistic difference has been attributed to a difference in word order between the two languages, under the incremental efficiency hypothesis (Rubio‐Fernández, Mollica, & Jara‐Ettinger, 2020). However, previous studies leave open the possibility that broad language differences between English and Spanish may explain this cross‐linguistic difference such that English speakers may generally produce more modifiers than Spanish speakers, including redundant ones, irrespective of word order. Here, we test the incremental efficiency hypothesis in a language production task crossing language (English, Spanish) with modifier type (color, number). Critically, number words occur on the same side of the noun in both English and Spanish. If broad language differences are responsible for the higher rate of color word production in English compared to Spanish, then the same effect should hold for number words. In contrast, the incremental efficiency hypothesis predicts an interaction between language and modifier type, due to different ordering for color words but identical ordering for number words. Our pre‐registered analyses offer strong support for the incremental efficiency hypothesis, demonstrating how seemingly small differences in language can cause us to describe the world in surprisingly different ways.

中文翻译:

词序预测冗余颜色和数字修饰符产生中的跨语言差异

当被要求在其他物体中识别具有独特形状和颜色的物体时,说英语的人通常会产生多余的颜色修饰符(“红色圆圈”),而说西班牙语的人则较少使用它们(“el circulo (rojo)”)。在增量效率假设下,这种跨语言差异归因于两种语言之间的词序差异(Rubio-Fernández, Mollica, & Jara-Ettinger, 2020)。然而,以前的研究留下了这样一种可能性,即英语和西班牙语之间广泛的语言差异可以解释这种跨语言差异,以至于无论词序如何,说英语的人通常可能比说西班牙语的人产生更多的修饰语,包括多余的修饰语。在这里,我们在语言生产任务跨语言(英语,西班牙语),带有修饰符类型(颜色、数字)。至关重要的是,在英语和西班牙语中,数字词出现在名词的同一侧。如果与西班牙语相比,英语中颜色词产生率较高的原因是广泛的语言差异,那么对于数字词也应该有同样的效果。相反,增量效率假设预测了语言和修饰语类型之间的相互作用,因为颜色词的顺序不同,但数字词的顺序相同。我们预先注册的分析为增量效率假设提供了强有力的支持,证明了看似微小的语言差异如何导致我们以令人惊讶的不同方式描述世界。如果与西班牙语相比,英语中颜色词产生率较高的原因是广泛的语言差异,那么对于数字词也应该有同样的效果。相反,增量效率假设预测了语言和修饰语类型之间的相互作用,因为颜色词的顺序不同,但数字词的顺序相同。我们预先注册的分析为增量效率假设提供了强有力的支持,证明了看似微小的语言差异如何导致我们以令人惊讶的不同方式描述世界。如果与西班牙语相比,英语中颜色词产生率较高的原因是广泛的语言差异,那么对于数字词也应该有同样的效果。相反,增量效率假设预测了语言和修饰语类型之间的相互作用,因为颜色词的顺序不同,但数字词的顺序相同。我们预先注册的分析为增量效率假设提供了强有力的支持,证明了看似微小的语言差异如何导致我们以令人惊讶的不同方式描述世界。由于颜色词的顺序不同,但数字词的顺序相同。我们预先注册的分析为增量效率假设提供了强有力的支持,证明了看似微小的语言差异如何导致我们以令人惊讶的不同方式描述世界。由于颜色词的顺序不同,但数字词的顺序相同。我们预先注册的分析为增量效率假设提供了强有力的支持,证明了看似微小的语言差异如何导致我们以令人惊讶的不同方式描述世界。
更新日期:2021-01-18
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