Experiential avoidance, dissociation, and guilt have been shown to be associated with trauma exposure and to play an important role in explaining the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, there is a lack of studies that simultaneously address the relationship between these variables, which has never been studied within the framework of emotional processing theory. Furthermore, gender differences in traumatic victimization, posttraumatic stress symptoms, experiential avoidance, dissociation, and guilt have also been reported. Therefore, this study had a double aim: a) to assess the mediating roles of dissociation and guilt in the relationship between experiential avoidance and posttraumatic stress symptoms; and b) to investigate whether gender moderates any such relationship. The final sample comprised 683 undergraduate students (150 men and 533 women) with a history of exposure to traumatic events and with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Dissociation and guilt independently mediated the association between experiential avoidance and posttraumatic stress symptoms: however, this mediation effect was not moderated by gender. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at controlling psychological variables linked to PTSD (i.e. experiential avoidance, dissociation, and guilt) may be of help to both men and women.

中文翻译：

---

经验性回避与创伤后应激症状的关系：一个涉及分离、内疚和性别的调节中介模型

经验性回避、分离和内疚已被证明与创伤暴露有关，并在解释创伤后应激症状的发展和维持方面发挥重要作用。然而，缺乏同时解决这些变量之间关系的研究，这从未在情绪加工理论的框架内进行过研究。此外，还报告了创伤受害、创伤后应激症状、经验回避、分离和内疚方面的性别差异。因此，本研究有一个双重目的：a）评估分离和内疚在经验回避和创伤后应激症状之间的关系中的中介作用；b) 调查性别是否会调节任何此类关系。最终样本包括 683 名本科生（150 名男性和 533 名女性），他们有创伤事件的暴露史和创伤后应激症状。进行了调解和调解调解分析。分离和内疚独立地介导了经验性回避和创伤后应激症状之间的关联：然而，这种中介效应不受性别的调节。研究结果表明，旨在控制与 PTSD 相关的心理变量（即经验回避、分离和内疚）的干预措施可能对男性和女性都有帮助。分离和内疚独立地介导了经验性回避和创伤后应激症状之间的关联：然而，这种中介效应不受性别的调节。研究结果表明，旨在控制与 PTSD 相关的心理变量（即经验回避、分离和内疚）的干预措施可能对男性和女性都有帮助。分离和内疚独立地介导了经验性回避和创伤后应激症状之间的关联：然而，这种中介效应不受性别的调节。研究结果表明，旨在控制与 PTSD 相关的心理变量（即经验回避、分离和内疚）的干预措施可能对男性和女性都有帮助。