ABSTRACT

This paper outlines an overview of recent research advances in different production technologies toward sustainable development of nonwoven naturally sourced materials as alternatives to conventional synthetic laminated and bovine leather in the footwear industry. The current state of the footwear industry as a major stakeholder in the fashion sector is discussed, its footprints on the environment, and key developments from nonwoven natural fibrous materials for different footwear components are highlighted. Lastly, the review discusses recent research innovations of naturally sourced fibrous materials as leather alternatives in the footwear sector with special focus on sustainability and material performance. In addition, challenges and limitations in terms of industrial scalability and market potential are outlined. In conclusion, featuring promising nonwoven natural fibrous leather alternatives obtained via up-cycling of agro-wastes using microbes and fungi may be used in the textile and shoe industries. Since the prepared sheets through simple and cost-effective processes visually resemble conventional leather and demonstrate comparable material and tactile properties.

摘要

本文概述了不同生产技术在可持续发展非织造布天然来源材料方面的最新研究进展，这些非织造布天然材料可替代制鞋业中常规合成层压皮革和牛皮革。讨论了制鞋业作为时尚领域主要利益相关者的现状，重点介绍了其在环境中的足迹以及非织造天然纤维材料在不同制鞋组件中的关键发展。最后，本文讨论了鞋类领域天然来源的纤维材料作为皮革替代品的最新研究创新，特别关注可持续性和材料性能。此外，还概述了在工业可扩展性和市场潜力方面的挑战和局限性。结论，通过利用微生物和真菌将农业废料上调而获得的具有前景的无纺天然纤维皮革替代品，可用于纺织和制鞋业。由于通过简单且具有成本效益的方法制备的片材在视觉上类似于常规皮革，并显示出可比的材料和触觉特性。