Periods of high temperature and an expected increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration as a result of global climate change are major threats to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Developing heat-tolerant wheat cultivars demands improved understanding of the impacts of high temperature and elevated CO₂ on plant growth and development. This research investigated the interactive effects of heat stress and CO₂ concentration on pollen viability and its relationship to grain formation and yield of wheat in greenhouse conditions. Nineteen wheat genotypes and a current cultivar, Suntop, were heat stressed at either meiosis or anthesis at ambient (400 µL L^–1) or elevated (800 µL L^–1) CO₂. Elevated CO₂ and heat stress at meiosis reduced pollen viability, spikelet number and grain yield per spike; however, increased tillering at the elevated CO₂ level helped to minimise yield loss. Both heat-tolerant genotypes (e.g. genotype 1, 2, 10 or 12) and heat-sensitive genotypes (e.g. genotype 6 or 9) were identified and response related to pollen sensitivity and subsequent impacts on grain yield and yield components were characterised. A high-throughput protocol for screening wheat for heat stress response at elevated CO₂ was established and meiosis was the most sensitive stage, affecting pollen viability, grain formation and yield.

全球气候变化导致的高温时期和大气中CO ₂浓度的预期增加是对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）生产的主要威胁。发展耐热小麦品种需要更好地了解高温和高CO ₂对植物生长和发育的影响。本研究探讨了温室条件下热胁迫和CO ₂浓度对花粉生存力的交互作用及其与小麦籽粒形成和产量的关系。在减数分裂或花期在环境（400 µL L ^–1）或升高（800 µL L ^–1）的条件下，对19种小麦基因型和当前品种Suntop进行了热胁迫。）CO ₂。减数分裂时CO ₂升高和热胁迫降低了花粉的活力，小穗数和每穗的籽粒产量；但是，在较高的CO ₂水平下增加分till有助于最大程度地减少产量损失。鉴定了耐热基因型（例如基因型1、2、10或12）和热敏感基因型（例如基因型6或9），并鉴定了与花粉敏感性有关的响应以及随后对谷物产量和产量构成的影响。建立了高通量方案，用于筛选小麦在高CO ₂胁迫下的热胁迫响应，减数分裂是最敏感的阶段，影响花粉生存能力，籽粒形成和产量。