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Impact‐Based Forecasting for Pluvial Floods
Earth's Future Pub Date : 2021-01-17 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ef001851
V. Rözer 1, 2 , A. Peche 3 , S. Berkhahn 3 , Y. Feng 4 , L. Fuchs 5 , T. Graf 3 , U. Haberlandt 6 , H. Kreibich 2 , R. Sämann 3 , M. Sester 4 , B. Shehu 6 , J. Wahl 5 , I. Neuweiler 3
Affiliation  

Pluvial floods in urban areas are caused by local, fast storm events with very high rainfall rates, which lead to inundation of streets and buildings before the storm water reaches a watercourse. An increase in frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events and an ongoing urbanization may further increase the risk of pluvial flooding in many urban areas. Currently, warnings for pluvial floods are mostly limited to information on rainfall intensities and durations over larger areas, which is often not detailed enough to effectively protect people and goods. We present a proof‐of‐concept for an impact‐based forecasting system for pluvial floods. Using a model chain consisting of a rainfall forecast, an inundation, a contaminant transport and a damage model, we are able to provide predictions for the expected rainfall, the inundated areas, spreading of potential contamination and the expected damage to residential buildings. We use a neural network‐based inundation model, which significantly reduces the computation time of the model chain. To demonstrate the feasibility, we perform a hindcast of a recent pluvial flood event in an urban area in Germany. The required spatio‐temporal accuracy of rainfall forecasts is still a major challenge, but our results show that reliable impact‐based warnings can be forecasts are available up to 5 min before the peak of an extreme rainfall event. Based on our results, we discuss how the outputs of the impact‐based forecast could be used to disseminate impact‐based early warnings.

中文翻译:

基于影响的洪水预报

城市地区的小雨洪水是由局部的快速暴雨事件造成的,降雨事件发生率很高,导致暴雨水到达河道之前淹没街道和建筑物。暴雨事件的频率和强度增加以及持续的城市化可能会进一步增加许多城市地区发生洪水泛滥的风险。当前,对于小洪水的警告大多仅限于有关大面积降雨强度和持续时间的信息,而这些信息往往不够详尽,无法有效地保护人员和财产。我们提出了基于影响的雨洪预报系统的概念证明。使用由降雨预测,淹没,污染物迁移和破坏模型组成的模型链,我们可以为预期降雨,淹没区域,潜在污染的扩散以及对住宅建筑物的预期破坏。我们使用基于神经网络的淹没模型,这大大减少了模型链的计算时间。为了证明可行性,我们对德国市区最近的一次小洪灾事件进行了预报。所需的降雨预报时空准确性仍然是一个主要挑战,但我们的结果表明,可以在极端降雨事件的高峰期之前5分钟提供可靠的基于影响的预警。基于我们的结果,我们讨论了如何将基于影响的预测的输出用于传播基于影响的预警。这大大减少了模型链的计算时间。为了证明可行性,我们对德国市区最近的一次小洪灾事件进行了预报。所需的降雨预报时空准确性仍然是一个主要挑战,但我们的结果表明,可以在极端降雨事件的高峰期之前5分钟提供可靠的基于影响的预警。基于我们的结果,我们讨论了如何将基于影响的预测的输出用于传播基于影响的预警。这大大减少了模型链的计算时间。为了证明可行性,我们对德国市区最近的一次小洪灾事件进行了预报。所需的降雨预报时空准确性仍然是一个主要挑战,但我们的结果表明,可以在极端降雨事件的高峰期之前5分钟提供可靠的基于影响的预警。基于我们的结果,我们讨论了如何将基于影响的预测的输出用于传播基于影响的预警。但是我们的结果表明,可以在极端降雨事件的高峰期之前5分钟提供可靠的基于影响的预警。基于我们的结果,我们讨论了如何将基于影响的预测的输出用于传播基于影响的预警。但是我们的结果表明,可以在极端降雨事件的高峰期之前5分钟提供可靠的基于影响的预警。基于我们的结果,我们讨论了如何将基于影响的预测的输出用于传播基于影响的预警。
更新日期:2021-02-24
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