Programmed cell death during the formation of rhytidome and interxylary cork in roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae),Microscopy Research and Technique

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Programmed cell death during the formation of rhytidome and interxylary cork in roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae)
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23696
Xiaojing Han ₁ , Yafu Zhou ₂ , Xilu Ni ₃ , Shanshan Chu ₁ , Ming'en Cheng _{1,

4} , Lingling Tan ₅ , Liangping Zha _{1,

4} , Huasheng Peng _{1,

4,

6}

Affiliation

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role throughout the lives of plants, it is regarded as a highly regulated and active process of plant cell death during the times of biotic or abiotic stress. This study aims to provide developmental anatomical characteristics of the interxylary cork formation in the roots of Astragalus. membranaceus var. mongholicus, and to subsequently show cytomorphological evidence that PCD is involved in the development of rhytidome and interxylary cork. The developmental anatomy of rhytidome and interxylary cork of the perennial fresh main root of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was studied using light microscopy, whereas the PCD in the development of rhytidome and interxylary cork was studied using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Histologically, it was observed that the parenchyma cells of secondary phloem and xylem in roots recovered their meristematic ability, and later developed into rhytidome and interxylary cork. Cytologically, ultrastructural characteristics such as nucleus malformation, vacuole disappearance, mitochondrial degeneration, and vesicle filling were observed. In roots, the nucleus of the phloem parenchyma cells were terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive from the pre-rhytidome stage to the formation of rhytidome stage and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI)-negative during the mature rhytidome stage. The TUNEL assay of the xylem parenchyma cells showed positive characteristics from the early stage of interxylary cork formation to the interxylary cork formation stage, whereas DAPI-negative characteristics were observed in the mature interxylary cork. Gel electrophoresis showed that DNA cleavage was random. Our results indicated that the formation of the rhytidome and interxylary cork involved the PCD process.

中文翻译：

黄芪（豆科）根中叶状体和木栓形成过程中的程序性细胞死亡

程序性细胞死亡（PCD）在植物的整个生命过程中都起着至关重要的作用，它被认为是在生物或非生物胁迫时期植物细胞死亡的一个高度调节和活跃的过程。本研究旨在提供黄芪根中木栓形成的发育解剖学特征。膜属变种 mongholicus，并随后显示细胞形态学证据表明 PCD 参与了纹状体和中间软木的发育。A. membranaceus var.多年生新鲜主根的叶状体和木栓的发育解剖结构。蒙古人使用光学显微镜进行了研究，而使用荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了 rhytidome 和 interxylary cork 发育中的 PCD。组织学上观察到，根中次生韧皮部和木质部的薄壁组织细胞恢复了分生组织能力，随后发育成丝状体和木间栓塞。在细胞学上，观察到细胞核畸形、液泡消失、线粒体变性和囊泡充盈等超微结构特征。在根中，韧皮部薄壁细胞的细胞核是末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记 (TUNEL) 阳性，从前褶皱阶段到形成褶皱阶段和 4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐(DAPI)- 在成熟的rytidome 阶段阴性。木质部薄壁组织细胞的 TUNEL 测定显示从木间软木形成的早期阶段到木间软木形成阶段的阳性特征，而在成熟的木间软木中观察到 DAPI 阴性特征。凝胶电泳显示DNA裂解是随机的。我们的结果表明，rhytidome 和 interxylary cork 的形成涉及 PCD 过程。

更新日期：2021-01-17

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