As cities keep growing worldwide, so does the demand for key resources such as electricity, gas, and water that residents consume. Meeting the demand for these resources can be challenging and it requires an understanding of the consumption patterns. In this study, we apply extreme gradient boosting to predict and analyze electricity, gas, and water consumption in large-scale buildings in New York City and use SHapley Additive exPlanation to interpret the results. For this, the New York City's local law 84 extensive dataset was merged with the Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output dataset as well as with other socio-economic datasets. Specifically, we developed and validated three models: electricity, gas, and water consumption. Overall, we find that electricity, gas, and water consumptions are highly interrelated, but the interrelationships are complex and not universal. The main factor influencing these interrelationships seems to be the technology used for space and water heating (i.e., electricity vs. gas). Building type also has a large impact on interrelationships (i.e., residential vs. nonresidential), especially between electricity and water. Moreover, we also find a nonlinear relationship between gas consumption and building intensity. The main results are summarized into seven major findings. Overall, this study contributes to the urban metabolism literature that ultimately aims to gain a fundamental understanding of how energy and resources are consumed in cities.

中文翻译：

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大型建筑中电、气和水消耗之间的相互关系

随着全球城市不断发展，居民对电力、天然气和水等关键资源的需求也在不断增长。满足对这些资源的需求可能具有挑战性，需要了解消费模式。在这项研究中，我们应用极端梯度提升来预测和分析纽约市大型建筑物的电力、天然气和水消耗，并使用 SHapley Additive exPlanation 来解释结果。为此，纽约市的地方法律 84 广泛数据集与主要土地使用税地块输出数据集以及其他社会经济数据集合并。具体来说，我们开发并验证了三个模型：电力、天然气和水的消耗量。总的来说，我们发现电、气和水的消耗量是高度相关的，但相互关系复杂且不普遍。影响这些相互关系的主要因素似乎是用于空间和水加热的技术（即电力与天然气）。建筑类型对相互关系（即住宅与非住宅），尤其是水电之间的关系也有很大影响。此外，我们还发现天然气消耗量与建筑强度之间存在非线性关系。主要结果归纳为七个主要发现。总体而言，这项研究有助于城市代谢文献，最终旨在获得对城市中能源和资源如何消耗的基本了解。建筑类型对相互关系（即住宅与非住宅），尤其是水电之间的关系也有很大影响。此外，我们还发现天然气消耗量与建筑强度之间存在非线性关系。主要结果归纳为七个主要发现。总体而言，这项研究有助于城市代谢文献，最终旨在获得对城市中能源和资源如何消耗的基本了解。建筑类型对相互关系（即住宅与非住宅），尤其是水电之间的关系也有很大影响。此外，我们还发现天然气消耗量与建筑强度之间存在非线性关系。主要结果归纳为七个主要发现。总体而言，这项研究有助于城市代谢文献，最终旨在获得对城市中能源和资源如何消耗的基本了解。