This study investigates: (i) how the local meridional (Hadley) and zonal (Walker) circulations change in each phase of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO); and (ii) the effect of enhanced and suppressed MJO‐related convection on the poleward extent of the local Hadley circulations and, thus, the strengths and positions of the subtropical jets. We examine these effects in ERA‐Interim reanalysis by decomposing the vertical mass flux into zonal and meridional components. We show for the first time, that as the envelope of enhanced convection moves eastwards from Africa to the Central Pacific the local Hadley circulation is enhanced. The regional Walker circulation in the Pacific is strengthened when the envelope of active MJO convection is located over the Maritime Continent and weakened when the region of suppressed convection is located there. In regions of anomalous upper‐level divergence the subtropical jet is enhanced. The core of the subtropical jet over Asia shifts eastwards with the progression of the MJO and shifts farther poleward in regions of anomalous upper‐level divergence linked with enhanced convection. The region of either enhanced or suppressed convection over the Maritime Continent strengthens or weakens the local Hadley circulation, producing disturbances in the subtropical jet. These disturbances then force midlatitude Rossby waves that propagate across the Pacific Ocean in both hemispheres.

中文翻译：

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关于Madden-Julian振荡与Hadley和Walker环流之间的关系

这项研究调查：（i）在Madden-Julian振荡（MJO）的每个阶段，局部子午（Hadley）和纬向（Walker）环流如何变化；（ii）增强和抑制MJO相关的对流对局部Hadley环流极向范围的影响，进而对亚热带急流的强度和位置的影响。我们通过将垂直质量通量分解为纬向和经向分量来检验ERA-中期再分析中的这些影响。我们首次表明，随着对流范围的增大，从非洲向东移动到中太平洋，当地的哈德利环流也得到了增强。该区域当活跃的MJO对流位于海陆之上时，太平洋的沃克环流增强，而当抑制对流区域位于该区域时，太平洋的沃克环流减弱。在异常高空发散区域，副热带急流增强。随着MJO的发展，亚洲副热带急流的核心向东移动，并且在对流增强的异常上高层发散区域向极移。海洋大陆上对流增强或受抑制的区域增强或减弱了哈德利局部的环流，在亚热带急流中产生了干扰。然后，这些扰动迫使中纬度的罗斯比波传播到两个半球的太平洋中。