The ability to use visual signals to identify individuals is an important feature of primate social groups, including humans. Sheehan and Nachman (2014) showed that loci linked to facial morphology had elevated levels of diversity and interpreted this as evidence that the human face is under frequency‐dependent selection to enhance individual recognition (Nature Communications 5). In our study, we tested whether this pattern is found in non‐human ape species, to help understand whether individual recognition might also play a role in species other than humans.

中文翻译：

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与面部形态有关的基因座多样性升高与以下假设相符：个体面部识别在类人猿中很重要

使用视觉信号识别个人的能力是包括人类在内的灵长类社会群体的重要特征。Sheehan和Nachman（2014）表明，与面部形态相关的基因座具有较高的多样性，并将其解释为证据表明人脸处于频率依赖性选择之下以增强个人识别能力（Nature Communications 5）。在我们的研究中，我们测试了这种模式是否在非人类猿类物种中发现，以帮助理解个人识别是否也可能在人类以外的物种中起作用。