Energy consumption in different sectors in Pakistan has risen from the last two decades, which has brought immerse ecological risk from carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission. This research tried to examine potential substitutability of energy (fossil fuel and electricity) and non-energy (labor and capital) input factors by applying the trans-log production method during 1980–2018. We applied Ridge regression method to test the factors after our data presented multicollinearity. The outcomes show that: (1) all the output elasticities of labor, capital, fossil fuel, and electricity are positive, which shows that all the factors are contributing to economic growth. (2) The substitution of alternative inputs (i.e., capital-electricity, capital-labor, capital-fossil fuel, and labor-fossil fuel) show maximum substitutability among them, and their values are close to unity. Capital and electricity substitution suggests that huge investment in renewable energy, which will remove energy subsidies in supporting capital and labor. (3) The inputs’ fossil fuel-labor and electricity-labor are substitutes with their relative technological progress, while other input factors also presenting proof of convergence. This proposes that redirecting resources into the development of technology to clean energy production like electricity will be an achievement over time with CO₂ mitigation. Finally, with the increase in 5% and 10% of investment scenarios in fuel reduction and electricity capital, the technologies would reduce CO₂ emissions by 22.05, 19.94, 12.44, and 11.25 Mt during 2018. Based on the investigated method, the policy suggestions concerned with the estimated results are discussed below.

过去二十年来，巴基斯坦不同部门的能源消耗有所增加，这带来了二氧化碳（CO ₂）发射。这项研究试图通过采用1980-2018年间的超对数生产方法，研究能源（化石燃料和电力）和非能源（劳动力和资本）输入因素的潜在替代性。我们的数据呈现多重共线性后，我们应用Ridge回归方法测试了这些因素。结果表明：（1）劳动力，资本，化石燃料和电力的所有输出弹性都是正的，这表明所有因素都在促进经济增长。（2）替代输入（即资本电力，资本劳动，资本化石燃料和劳动力化石燃料）的替代显示了其中的最大替代性，其价值接近统一。资本和电力替代表明对可再生能源的巨额投资，它将取消支持资本和劳动力的能源补贴。（3）投入的化石燃料劳动和电力劳动是其相对技术进步的替代品，而其他投入因素也提供了收敛的证据。这表明，随着时间的推移，随着时间的推移，将资源重新投入技术开发以清洁生产电力等电力将是一项成就₂缓解。最后，随着燃料减排和电力资本投资方案的5％和10％的增加，这些技术将在2018年期间将CO ₂排放量减少22.05、19.94、12.44和11.25Mt。根据调查的方法，政策建议有关估计结果的讨论如下。