The innate immune system acts rapidly in an identical and nonspecific way every time the body is exposed to pathogens. As such, it cannot build and maintain immunological memory to help prevent reinfection. Researchers contend that trained immunity is influenced by intracellular metabolic pathways and epigenetic remodeling. The purpose of this review was to explore the topic of trained innate immunity based on the results of relevant previous studies. This systematic review entailed identifying articles related to trained innate immunity. The sources were obtained from PubMed using different search terms that included “trained innate immunity,” “trained immunity,” “trained,” “innate,” “immunity,” and “immune system.” Boolean operators were used to combine terms and phrases. A review of previous study results revealed that little is currently known about the molecular and cellular processes that mediate or induce a trained immune response in animals. However, it is believed that alterations in the phenotypes of cell populations and the numbers of specific cells may play a critical role in mediating the trained immune response. Increasing evidence shows that the protective processes and actions that occur during a secondary infection are not entirely linked to the adaptive immune system. Instead, these events also involve heightened activation of innate immune cells. While trained innate immune cells may have a shorter memory, they assist in the fight against pathogens and provide cross-protection. Identification of the mechanisms and molecules that underlie trained innate immunity has highlighted important features of the human immune response. Such advances continue to open doors for future research on how the body responds to disease-causing pathogens.

每次身体接触病原体时，先天免疫系统都会以相同且非特异性的方式迅速发挥作用。因此，它不能建立和维持免疫记忆来帮助预防再感染。研究人员认为，训练有素的免疫受到细胞内代谢途径和表观遗传重塑的影响。本综述的目的是基于先前相关研究的结果探索训练有素的先天免疫的主题。该系统评价需要确定与训练有素的先天免疫相关的文章。来源使用不同的搜索词从 PubMed 获得，包括“受过训练的先天免疫”、“受过训练的免疫”、“受过训练”、“先天性”、“免疫”和“免疫系统”。布尔运算符用于组合术语和短语。对先前研究结果的回顾表明，目前对介导或诱导动物训练有素的免疫反应的分子和细胞过程知之甚少。然而，据信细胞群的表型和特定细胞数量的改变可能在介导受过训练的免疫反应中起关键作用。越来越多的证据表明，继发性感染期间发生的保护过程和行为并不完全与适应性免疫系统相关。相反，这些事件还涉及先天免疫细胞的高度激活。虽然训练有素的先天免疫细胞可能具有较短的记忆力，但它们有助于对抗病原体并提供交叉保护。对训练有素的先天免疫基础的机制和分子的鉴定突出了人类免疫反应的重要特征。这些进步继续为未来关于身体如何对致病病原体做出反应的研究敞开大门。