Estimating horizontal winds in and around typhoons is important for improved monitoring and prediction of typhoons and mitigating their damages. Here, we present a new algorithm for estimating typhoon winds using multiple satellite observations and its application to Typhoon Soulik (2018). Four kinds of satellite remote sensing data, along with their relationship to typhoon intensity, derived statistically from hundreds of historical typhoon cases, were merged into the final product of typhoon wind (MT wind): 1) geostationary-satellite-based infrared images (IR wind), 2) passive microwave sounder (MW wind), 3) feature-tracked atmospheric motion vectors, and 4) scatterometer-based sea surface winds (SSWs). The algorithm was applied to two cases (A and B) of Typhoon Soulik and validated against SSWs independently retrieved from active microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and microwave radiometer (AMSR2) images, and vertical profiles of wind speed derived from reanalyzed data and dropsonde observations. For Case A (open ocean), the algorithm estimated the realistic maximum wind, radius of maximum wind, and radius of 15 m/s, which could not be estimated using the reanalysis data, demonstrating reasonable and practical estimates. However, for Case B (when the typhoon rapidly weakened just before making landfall in the Korean Peninsula), the algorithm significantly overestimated the parameters, primarily due to the overestimation of typhoon intensity. Our study highlights that realistic typhoon winds can be monitored continuously in real-time using multiple satellite observations, particularly when typhoon intensity is reasonably well predicted, providing timely analysis results and products of operational importance.

估计台风及其周围的水平风对于改进对台风的监测和预报以及减轻其破坏非常重要。在这里，我们提出了一种使用多个卫星观测值估算台风风的新算法及其在台风苏里克（2018）中的应用。从数百种台风历史案例中统计得出的四种卫星遥感数据，以及它们与台风强度的关系，被合并为台风（MT风）的最终产品：1）基于静止卫星的红外图像（IR） 2）无源微波探测仪（MW风），3）特征跟踪的大气运动矢量，以及4）基于散射仪的海面风（SSW）。将该算法应用于台风Soulik的两种情况（A和B），并针对从有源微波合成孔径雷达（SAR）和微波辐射计（AMSR2）图像中独立获取的SSW进行了验证，并通过重新分析的数据和探空仪得出了风速的垂直剖面观察。对于案例A（开阔的海洋），该算法估计了实际最大风量，最大风量半径和15 m / s的半径，无法使用重新分析数据进行估算，证明了合理且实际的估算。但是，对于案例B（在朝鲜半岛登陆之前台风迅速减弱），该算法明显高估了参数，这主要是由于高估了台风强度。