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Fast and slow responses of the Subantarctic Mode Water in the South Indian Ocean to global warming in CMIP5 extended RCP4.5 simulations
Climate Dynamics ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s00382-021-05635-w
Xingyue Xia , Lixiao Xu , Shang-Ping Xie , Yu Hong , Yan Du

The present study examines the long-term evolution of the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) in the south Indian Ocean (SIO) based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) extended simulations through 2300 under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5). The SAMW in the SIO shrinks and thins rapidly during the fast radiative forcing increasing period between 2000 and 2100. After 2100, when the radiative forcing stabilizes, the SAMW expands and thickens slowly. The response of SAMW is dependent both on the evolution of surface buoyancy forcing and overlying westerly wind stress. During year 2000–2100, the surface heat flux dominates the net buoyancy gain over the SAMW formation region, whereas the enhanced westerly wind contributes to a lesser extent due to its poleward shift. As the radiative forcing increases rapidly from 2000 to 2100, the buoyancy gain over the SAMW formation region results in a fast shoaling mixed layer and a reduction in the SAMW subduction rate. The surface intensified warming enhances stratification and reduces the SAMW that is quantified by the volume of low potential vorticity (PV) water. Consequently, the SAMW shrinks and thins fastly. When the radiative forcing stabilizes after 2100, the warming is greater in the subsurface than the surface, and the associated slow destratification gradually increases the low PV water volume. Hence, the SAMW expands and thickens slowly. The distinct fast and slow responses of SAMW have implications for the heat uptake and circulation of the SIO.



中文翻译:

在CMIP5中,南印度洋次南极模式水对全球变暖的快速和缓慢响应扩展了RCP4.5模拟

本研究基于代表性浓度途径4.5(RCP4.5)下通过2300耦合模型比较项目第五阶段(CMIP5)扩展模拟,研究了南印度洋(SIO)的亚极模式水(SAMW)的长期演变。 )。在2000年到2100年之间的快速辐射强迫增加期间,SIO中的SAMW迅速收缩和变薄。在2100年之后,当辐射强迫稳定时,SAMW会缓慢扩展和增厚。SAMW的响应既取决于表面浮力的演变,又取决于上覆的西风应力。在2000年至2100年期间,表面热通量在SAMW形成区域的净浮力增加中占主导地位,而西风的增强由于其极移而在较小程度上发挥了作用。随着辐射强迫从2000年到2100年迅速增加,SAMW形成区域上空的浮力增益导致快速浅滩混合层和SAMW俯冲率降低。表面强化的变暖增强了分层并降低了SAMW,而SAMW由低电位涡流(PV)水的体积量化。因此,SAMW迅速收缩并变薄。当辐射强迫在2100年后趋于稳定时,地下的变暖大于表面的变暖,相关的缓慢分层逐渐增加了低PV水量。因此,SAMW会缓慢膨胀和增厚。SAMW独特的快速响应和慢速响应对SIO的热量吸收和循环都有影响。SAMW形成区域的浮力增加导致快速浅滩混合层和SAMW俯冲率降低。表面强化的变暖增强了分层并降低了SAMW,而SAMW由低电位涡流(PV)水的体积量化。因此,SAMW迅速收缩并变薄。当辐射强迫在2100年后趋于稳定时,地下的变暖大于表面的变暖,相关的缓慢分层逐渐增加了低PV水量。因此,SAMW会缓慢膨胀和增厚。SAMW独特的快速响应和慢速响应对SIO的热量吸收和循环都有影响。SAMW形成区域的浮力增加导致快速浅滩混合层和SAMW俯冲率降低。表面强化的变暖增强了分层并降低了SAMW,而SAMW由低电位涡水(PV)的体积确定。因此,SAMW迅速收缩并变薄。当辐射强迫在2100年后趋于稳定时,地下的变暖大于表面的变暖,相关的缓慢分层逐渐增加了低PV水量。因此,SAMW会缓慢膨胀和增厚。SAMW独特的快速响应和慢速响应对SIO的热量吸收和循环都有影响。表面强化的变暖增强了分层并降低了SAMW,而SAMW由低电位涡流(PV)水的体积量化。因此,SAMW迅速收缩并变薄。当辐射强迫在2100年后趋于稳定时,地下的变暖大于表面的变暖,相关的缓慢分层逐渐增加了低PV水量。因此,SAMW会缓慢膨胀和增厚。SAMW独特的快速响应和慢速响应对SIO的热量吸收和循环都有影响。表面强化的变暖增强了分层并降低了SAMW,而SAMW由低电位涡流(PV)水的体积量化。因此,SAMW迅速收缩并变薄。当辐射强迫在2100年后趋于稳定时,地下的变暖大于表面的变暖,相关的缓慢分层逐渐增加了低PV水量。因此,SAMW会缓慢膨胀和增厚。SAMW独特的快速响应和慢速响应对SIO的热量吸收和循环都有影响。

更新日期:2021-01-18
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