Dispersal is a fundamental and crucial ecological process for a metapopulation to survive in heterogeneous or changing habitats. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the habitat quality and the dispersal on the neutral genetics diversity of a metapopulation. We model the metapopulation dynamics on heterogeneous habitats using a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations. We decompose the metapopulation into several neutral genetic fractions seeing as they could be located in different habitats. By using a mathematical model which describes their temporal dynamics inside the metapopulation, we provide the analytical results of their transient dynamics, as well as their asymptotic proportion in the different habitats. The diversity indices show how the genetic diversity at a global metapopulation scale is preserved by the correlation of two factors: the dispersal of the population, as well as the existence of adequate and sufficiently large habitats. The diversity indices show how the genetic diversity at a global metapopulation scale is preserved by the correlation of two factors: the dispersal of the population as well as the existence of adequate and sufficiently large habitats. Moreover, they ensure genetic diversity at the local habitat scale. In a source-sink metapopulation, we demonstrate that the diversity of the sink can be rescued if the condition of the sink is not too deteriorated and the migration from the source is larger than the migration from the sink. Furthermore, our study provides an analytical insight into the dynamics of the solutions of the systems of ordinary differential equations.

中文翻译：

---

分散和良好的栖息地质量促进了元种群的中性遗传多样性

散布是复合种群在异质或不断变化的栖息地中生存的基本且关键的生态过程。在本文中，我们研究了栖息地质量和扩散对集合种群中性遗传多样性的影响。我们使用常微分方程的确定性系统对异质栖息地的复合种群动态进行建模。我们将复合种群分解为几个中性遗传部分，因为它们可能位于不同的栖息地。通过使用描述它们在复合种群内的时间动态的数学模型，我们提供了它们的瞬态动态的分析结果，以及它们在不同栖息地中的渐近比例。多样性指数显示了全球复合种群规模的遗传多样性如何通过两个因素的相关性得到保护：种群的分散，以及足够大的栖息地的存在。多样性指数显示了全球复合种群规模的遗传多样性如何通过两个因素的相关性得到保护：种群的分散以及充足和足够大的栖息地的存在。此外，它们确保了当地栖息地规模的遗传多样性。在源汇复合种群中，我们证明如果汇的条件不太恶化并且来自源的迁移大于来自汇的迁移，则可以挽救汇的多样性。此外，