Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health burden, and the development of advanced countermeasures to mitigate and prevent these injuries during automotive, sports, and military impact events requires an understanding of the intracranial mechanisms related to TBI. In this study, the efficacy of tissue-level injury metrics for predicting TBI was evaluated using finite element reconstructions from a comprehensive, multi-species TBI database. The database consisted of human volunteer tests, laboratory-reconstructed head impacts from sports, in vivo non-human primate (NHP) tests, and in vivo pig tests. Eight tissue-level metrics related to brain tissue strain, axonal strain, and strain-rate were evaluated using survival analysis for predicting mild and severe TBI risk. The correlation between TBI risk and most of the assessed metrics were statistically significant, but when injury data was analyzed by species, the best metric was often inconclusive and limited by the small datasets. When the human and animal datasets were combined, the injury analysis was able to delineate maximum axonal strain as the best predictor of injury for all species and TBI severities, with maximum principal strain as a suitable alternative metric. The current study is the first to provide evidence to support the assumption that brain strain response between human, pig, and NHP result in similar injury outcomes through a multi-species analysis. This assumption is the biomechanical foundation for translating animal brain injury findings to humans. The findings in the study provide fundamental guidelines for developing injury criteria that would contribute towards the innovation of more effective safety countermeasures.

中文翻译：

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使用物种特异性模拟评估组织级脑损伤指标

创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 是一项重大的公共卫生负担，在汽车、运动和军事冲击事件中开发先进的应对措施来减轻和预防这些损伤需要了解与 TBI 相关的颅内机制。在这项研究中，使用来自综合的多物种 TBI 数据库的有限元重建评估了组织水平损伤指标预测 TBI 的功效。该数据库包括人类志愿者测试、实验室重建的运动头部撞击、体内非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 测试和体内猪测试。使用生存分析评估与脑组织应变、轴突应变和应变率相关的八种组织水平指标，以预测轻度和重度 TBI 风险。TBI 风险与大多数评估指标之间的相关性具有统计学意义，但当按物种分析伤害数据时，最佳指标通常是不确定的，并且受到小数据集的限制。当结合人类和动物数据集时，损伤分析能够将最大轴突应变描述为所有物种和 TBI 严重程度的最佳损伤预测指标，最大主应变作为合适的替代指标。目前的研究是第一个提供证据来支持人类、猪和 NHP 之间的大脑应变反应通过多物种分析导致相似的损伤结果的假设。这一假设是将动物脑损伤发现转化为人类的生物力学基础。研究结果为制定伤害标准提供了基本指南，有助于创新更有效的安全对策。