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Do ‘pathologic’ cardiac murmurs in adolescents identify structural heart disease? An evaluation of 15 141 active adolescents for conditions that put them at risk of sudden cardiac death
British Journal of Sports Medicine ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 , DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101718
Ashley V Austin 1 , David S Owens 2 , Jordan M Prutkin 2 , Jack C Salerno 3 , Brian Ko 4 , Hank F Pelto 1 , Ashwin L Rao 1 , David M Siebert 1 , Jennifer S Carrol 1 , Kimberly G Harmon 1 , Jonathan A Drezner 5
Affiliation  

Objectives We assessed whether the presence and character of a cardiac murmur in adolescents were associated with structural heart disease that confers risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 15 141 adolescents age 12–19 who underwent a heart screen with history, physical examination and ECG. Participants with any screening abnormality underwent an echocardiogram for the assessment of structural heart disease. Murmurs were classified as physiological or pathological according to standard clinical criteria, and participants with murmurs were compared with a comparison group without murmurs. The primary outcome was echocardiogram-detected structural heart disease associated with SCD. Results 905 participants with a cardiac murmur (mean age 15.8; 58% male) and 4333 participants without a murmur (comparison group; mean age 15.8; 55% male) had an echocardiogram to detect structural heart disease. 743 (82%) murmurs were described as physiological and 162 (18%) as pathological. Twenty-five (2.8%) participants with murmurs and 61 (1.4%) participants without murmurs had structural heart disease. Three (0.3%) participants in the murmur group were diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) which was the only identified condition associated with SCD. Two participants with HCM had physiological murmurs, one had a pathological murmur, and all three had an abnormal ECG. The most common minor structural heart disease was bicuspid aortic valve in both the murmur (7; 0.8%) and comparison (20; 0.5%) groups. The positive predictive value of physiological versus pathological murmurs for identifying any structural heart disease was 2.4% versus 4.3% (p=0.21), respectively. The positive predictive value of having any murmur versus no murmur for identifying structural heart disease was 2.8% versus 1.4% (p=0.003), respectively. Conclusions In adolescents, the traditional classification of cardiac murmurs as ‘physiologic’ or ‘pathologic’ does not differentiate for structural heart disease that puts individuals at risk for SCD. We recommend ECG evaluation in all patients with a cardiac murmur found during preparticipation screening to increase detection of HCM. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

中文翻译:

青少年的“病理性”心脏杂音是否可以识别结构性心脏病?对 15 141 名活跃青少年的心脏性猝死风险的评估

目的 我们评估了青少年心脏杂音的存在和特征是否与结构性心脏病相关,后者具有心脏性猝死 (SCD) 的风险。方法 我们对 15141 名 12-19 岁的青少年进行了回顾性分析,这些青少年接受了心脏筛查,包括病史、体格检查和心电图。任何筛查异常的参与者都接受了超声心动图以评估结构性心脏病。根据标准临床标准将杂音分为生理性或病理性两类,并将有杂音的参与者与没有杂音的对照组进行比较。主要结果是超声心动图检测到的与 SCD 相关的结构性心脏病。结果 905 名参与者有心脏杂音(平均年龄 15.8 岁;58% 男性)和 4333 名没有杂音的参与者(对比组;平均年龄 15.8 岁;55% 男性)进行了超声心动图以检测结构性心脏病。743 (82%) 次杂音被描述为生理性的,162 (18%) 次被描述为病理性的。25 名 (2.8%) 有杂音的参与者和 61 名 (1.4%) 没有杂音的参与者患有结构性心脏病。杂音组的三名 (0.3%) 参与者被诊断出患有肥厚型心肌病 (HCM),这是唯一确定的与 SCD 相关的疾病。两名患有 HCM 的参与者有生理性杂音,一名有病理性杂音,三人都有异常的心电图。在杂音组 (7; 0.8%) 和比较组 (20; 0.5%) 中,最常见的轻微结构性心脏病是二叶主动脉瓣。生理性和病理性杂音用于识别任何结构性心脏病的阳性预测值分别为 2.4% 和 4.3% (p=0.21)。有任何杂音与无杂音在鉴别结构性心脏病方面的阳性预测值分别为 2.8% 和 1.4% (p=0.003)。结论 在青少年中,将心脏杂音分为“生理性”或“病理性”的传统分类并不能区分将个体置于 SCD 风险中的结构性心脏病。我们建议对所有在参与前筛查期间发现心脏杂音的患者进行心电图评估,以增加 HCM 的检出率。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。有任何杂音与无杂音在鉴别结构性心脏病方面的阳性预测值分别为 2.8% 和 1.4% (p=0.003)。结论 在青少年中,将心脏杂音分为“生理性”或“病理性”的传统分类并不能区分将个体置于 SCD 风险中的结构性心脏病。我们建议对所有在参与前筛查期间发现心脏杂音的患者进行心电图评估,以增加 HCM 的检出率。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。有任何杂音与无杂音在鉴别结构性心脏病方面的阳性预测值分别为 2.8% 和 1.4% (p=0.003)。结论 在青少年中,将心脏杂音分为“生理性”或“病理性”的传统分类并不能区分将个体置于 SCD 风险中的结构性心脏病。我们建议对所有在参与前筛查期间发现心脏杂音的患者进行心电图评估,以增加 HCM 的检出率。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。心脏杂音的传统分类为“生理性”或“病理性”,并不能区分将个体置于 SCD 风险中的结构性心脏病。我们建议对所有在参与前筛查期间发现心脏杂音的患者进行心电图评估,以增加 HCM 的检出率。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。心脏杂音的传统分类为“生理性”或“病理性”,并不能区分将个体置于 SCD 风险中的结构性心脏病。我们建议对所有在参与前筛查期间发现心脏杂音的患者进行心电图评估,以增加 HCM 的检出率。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。
更新日期:2022-01-03
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