A quantum digital signature (QDS) is utilized to authenticate classical messages and offers information theoretical security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Focusing on signing a one-bit message, previous continuous-variable quantum digital signature (CV-QDS) protocols that shared secret keys are generated by quantum key distribution, and it is only mentioned to suitably iterate the one-bit protocol for a multibit message. Although the CV-QDS protocol is unconditionally secure while sending single-bit messages, iterating the one-bit protocol in a naive way will allow some forgery attacks. In this paper, for signing one-bit and multibit messages, a CV-QDS protocol is proposed, on the condition that nonrepudiation and no forging are guaranteed. For one-bit and multibit schemes, we compare the difference in the distribution stage and messaging stage, analyzing the security as well as summarizing some formulas for calculation. We hope the protocol with continuous variables could further improve the performance of QDS.

中文翻译：

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使用不安全通道上的基础编码的具有连续变量的多位量子数字签名

量子数字签名（QDS）用于验证经典消息，并提供由量子力学定律保证的信息理论安全性。专注于对一位消息进行签名，以前的连续秘密量子数字签名（CV-QDS）协议通过量子密钥分发来生成共享密钥，并且仅提及对多位消息适当地迭代一位协议。 。尽管CV-QDS协议在发送单比特消息时是无条件安全的，但是以一种幼稚的方式迭代一个比特协议将允许某些伪造攻击。本文针对一比特和多比特消息的签名，提出了一种在保证不可否认性和不伪造性的前提下提出的CV-QDS协议。对于一比特和多比特方案，我们比较了分发阶段和消息传递阶段的差异，分析了安全性并总结了一些计算公式。我们希望带有连续变量的协议可以进一步提高QDS的性能。