During the 2018/19 Antarctic field season, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream: BEd Access, Monitoring and Ice Sheet History’ (BEAMISH) project drilled three holes through the Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. At up to 2154 m, these are the deepest hot water drilled subglacial access holes yet created, enabling the recovery of sediment from the subglacial environment, and instrumenting the ice stream and its bed. The BEAMISH hot-water drill system was built on extensive experience with the BAS ice shelf hot-water drill and utilises many identical components. With up to 1 MW of heating power available, the hot water drill produces 140 L min−1 of water at 85°C to create a 300 mm diameter access hole to the base of the ice stream. New systems and processes were developed for BEAMISH to aid critical aspects of deep access drilling, most notably the creation of cavities interlinking boreholes at 230 m below the surface and enabling water recirculation throughout the deep drilling operations. The modular design of the BEAMISH drill offers many benefits in its adaptability, redundancy, and minimal logistical footprint. These design features can easily accommodate the modifications needed for future deep, clean access hole creation in the exploration of subglacial environments.

中文翻译：

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BEAMISH 热水钻系统及其在南极洲拉特福德冰流上的应用

在 2018/19 南极野外季节期间，英国南极调查局 (BAS) 对拉特福德冰流的基础条件：BEd Access、Monitoring and Ice Sheet History (BEAMISH) 项目在西南极洲的拉特福德冰流钻了三个洞。在高达 2154 m 处，这些是迄今为止创造的最深的热水钻冰下通道孔，能够从冰下环境中回收沉积物，并为冰流及其床提供仪器。BEAMISH 热水钻机系统建立在 BAS 冰架热水钻机的丰富经验之上，并使用了许多相同的组件。热水钻可提供高达 1 MW 的加热功率，可产生 140 L min-185°C 的水，在冰流底部形成一个直径 300 毫米的入口孔。为 BEAMISH 开发了新的系统和流程，以帮助深部钻探的关键方面，最显着的是在地表以下 230 m 处创建连接钻孔的空腔，并在整个深部钻探作业中实现水循环。BEAMISH 钻机的模块化设计在其适应性、冗余性和最小的后勤足迹方面提供了许多好处。这些设计特征可以轻松适应未来在探索冰下环境中创建深层、清洁通道孔所需的修改。