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Ocular Drug Delivery to the Retina: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives
Pharmaceutics ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 , DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010108
Hyeong Min Kim , Se Joon Woo

Treatment options for retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular disorders, have markedly expanded following the development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injection methods. However, because intravitreal treatment requires monthly or bimonthly repeat injections to achieve optimal efficacy, recent investigations have focused on extended drug delivery systems to lengthen the treatment intervals in the long term. Dose escalation and increasing molecular weight of drugs, intravitreal implants and nanoparticles, hydrogels, combined systems, and port delivery systems are presently under preclinical and clinical investigations. In addition, less invasive techniques rather than intravitreal administration routes, such as topical, subconjunctival, suprachoroidal, subretinal, and trans-scleral, have been evaluated to reduce the treatment burden. Despite the latest advancements in the field of ophthalmic pharmacology, enhancing drug efficacy with high ocular bioavailability while avoiding systemic and local adverse effects is quite challenging. Consequently, despite the performance of numerous in vitro studies, only a few techniques have translated to clinical trials. This review discusses the recent developments in ocular drug delivery to the retina, the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal drugs, efforts to extend drug efficacy in the intraocular space, minimally invasive techniques for drug delivery to the retina, and future perspectives in this field.

中文翻译:

眼部药物向视网膜的输送:当前的创新和未来展望

随着抗血管内皮生长因子玻璃体内注射方法的发展,诸如新血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性,糖尿病性视网膜病和视网膜血管疾病等视网膜疾病的治疗选择已显着扩大。但是,由于玻璃体内治疗需要每月或每两个月重复注射才能达到最佳疗效,所以最近的研究集中在扩展的药物输送系统上,以延长长期的治疗间隔。药物,玻璃体内植入物和纳米颗粒,水凝胶,组合系统和端口递送系统的剂量递增和分子量增加目前正在临床前和临床研究中。此外,如局部,结膜下,已经评估了脉络膜上膜,视网膜下膜和跨巩膜,以减轻治疗负担。尽管在眼药理学领域取得了最新进展,但要在避免全身和局部不良反应的同时提高眼部生物利用度来提高药效仍然是一项挑战。因此,尽管进行了许多体外研究,但只有少数技术转化为临床试验。这篇综述讨论了眼内向视网膜给药的最新进展,玻璃体内药物的药代动力学,在眼内空间扩展药物功效的努力,向视网膜内给药的微创技术以及该领域的未来前景。尽管在眼药理学领域取得了最新进展,但要在避免全身和局部不良反应的同时提高眼部生物利用度来提高药效仍然是一项挑战。因此,尽管进行了许多体外研究,但只有少数技术转化为临床试验。这篇综述讨论了眼内向视网膜给药的最新进展,玻璃体内药物的药代动力学,努力扩大眼内空间的药物功效,微创技术向视网膜内给药的方法以及该领域的未来前景。尽管在眼药理学领域有最新进展,但要在避免全身和局部不良反应的同时提高眼部生物利用度来提高药效仍然是一项挑战。因此,尽管进行了许多体外研究,但只有少数技术转化为临床试验。这篇综述讨论了眼内向视网膜给药的最新进展,玻璃体内药物的药代动力学,努力扩大眼内空间的药物功效,微创技术向视网膜内给药的方法以及该领域的未来前景。只有少数技术已转化为临床试验。这篇综述讨论了眼内向视网膜给药的最新进展,玻璃体内药物的药代动力学,努力扩大眼内空间的药物功效,微创技术向视网膜内给药的方法以及该领域的未来前景。只有少数技术已转化为临床试验。这篇综述讨论了眼内向视网膜给药的最新进展,玻璃体内药物的药代动力学,努力扩大眼内空间的药物功效,微创技术向视网膜内给药的方法以及该领域的未来前景。
更新日期:2021-01-15
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