Various studies aiming to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome-metabolome co-axis in health and disease have primarily focused on water-soluble polar metabolites, whilst non-polar microbial lipids have received less attention. The concept of microbiota-dependent lipid biotransformation is over a century old. However, only recently, several studies have shown how microbial lipids alter intestinal and circulating lipid concentrations in the host, thus impacting human lipid homeostasis. There is emerging evidence that gut microbial communities play a particularly significant role in the regulation of host cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis. Here, we review and discuss recent research focusing on microbe-host-lipid co-metabolism. We also discuss the interplay of human gut microbiota and molecular lipids entering host systemic circulation, and its role in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组与脂质代谢之间的联系：超越关联

旨在阐明肠道微生物组-代谢组共轴在健康和疾病中的作用的各种研究主要集中于水溶性极性代谢产物，而非极性微生物脂质受到的关注较少。微生物群依赖性脂质生物转化的概念已有一百多年的历史了。但是，直到最近，几项研究才表明微生物脂质如何改变宿主中肠道和循环脂质的浓度，从而影响人类脂质体内平衡。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群落在调节宿主胆固醇和鞘脂稳态方面起着特别重要的作用。在这里，我们回顾和讨论最近的研究，重点是微生物-宿主-脂质共代谢。我们还讨论了人类肠道菌群和分子脂质进入宿主系统循环的相互作用，