Estuarine systems currently face increasing pressure due to population growth, rapid economic development, and the effect of climate change, which threatens the deterioration of their water quality. This study uses an open-source model of high transferability (Delft3D), to investigate the physics and water quality dynamics, spatial variability, and interrelation of two estuarine systems of the Portuguese west coast: Mondego Estuary and Óbidos Lagoon. In this context, the Delft3D was successfully implemented and validated for both systems through model-observation comparisons and further explored using realistically forced and process-oriented experiments. Model results show (1) high accuracy to predict the local hydrodynamics and fair accuracy to predict the transport and water quality of both systems; (2) the importance of the local geomorphology and estuary dimensions in the tidal propagation and asymmetry; (3) Mondego Estuary (except for the south arm) has a higher water volume exchange with the adjacent ocean when compared to Óbidos Lagoon, resulting from the highest fluvial discharge that contributes to a better water renewal; (4) the dissolved oxygen (DO) varies with water temperature and salinity differently for both systems. On the one hand, for Mondego Estuary during winter the DO levels mainly fluctuate with salinity. On the other hand, for Óbidos Lagoon, DO distribution is determined by both water temperature and salinity. During summer, the high residence time and water temperature limit the DO levels in both systems. The high transferability and superior stability of Delft3D make this model a foundation for realistic simulation and research of distinct estuarine systems, giving support to their maintenance and restoration.

中文翻译：

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使用Delft3D对Mondego河口和Óbidos泻湖的动态过程进行建模

由于人口增长，经济快速发展以及气候变化的影响，河口系统目前面临越来越大的压力，这威胁到其水质的恶化。这项研究使用高迁移率的开源模型（Delft3D），研究葡萄牙西海岸的两个河口系统：蒙德戈河口和Óbidos泻湖的物理和水质动力学，空间变异性以及相互关系。在这种情况下，通过模型观察比较成功地为两个系统实现了Delft3D并对其进行了验证，并使用了逼真的逼真的实验和面向过程的实验对其进行了进一步的探索。模型结果表明：（1）预测局部水动力的精度较高，对两个系统的输运和水质预测的精度较高；（2）局部地貌和河口尺度在潮汐传播和不对称性中的重要性；（3）与Óbidos泻湖相比，Mondego河口（南臂除外）与邻近海洋的水交换量更高，这是由于最高的河水流量有助于改善水质；（4）两种系统的溶解氧（DO）随水温和盐度的不同而不同。一方面，冬季蒙德戈河口的溶解氧水平主要随盐度而波动。另一方面，对于Óbidos泻湖，DO的分布取决于水温和盐度。在夏季，高停留时间和水温限制了两个系统中的溶解氧水平。