Mitochondria are considered to be the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell. It was shown that in cardiac myocytes exposed to excessive oxidative stress, ROS-induced ROS release is triggered. However, cardiac myocytes have a network of densely packed organelles that do not move, which is not typical for the majority of eukaryotic cells. The purpose of this study was to trace the spatiotemporal development (propagation) of prooxidant-induced oxidative stress and its interplay with mitochondrial dynamics. We used Dipodascus magnusii yeast cells as a model, as they have advantages over other models, including a uniquely large size, mitochondria that are easy to visualize and freely moving, an ability to vigorously grow on well-defined low-cost substrates, and high responsibility. It was shown that prooxidant-induced oxidative stress was initiated in mitochondria, far preceding the appearance of generalized oxidative stress in the whole cell. For yeasts, these findings were obtained for the first time. Preincubation of yeast cells with SkQ1, a mitochondria-addressed antioxidant, substantially diminished production of mitochondrial ROS, while only slightly alleviating the generalized oxidative stress. This was expected, but had not yet been shown. Importantly, mitochondrial fragmentation was found to be primarily induced by mitochondrial ROS preceding the generalized oxidative stress development.

中文翻译：

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线粒体细胞中线粒体来源的活性氧的繁殖

线粒体被认为是细胞中活性氧（ROS）的主要来源。结果显示，在暴露于过度氧化应激的心肌细胞中，ROS诱导的ROS释放被触发。但是，心肌细胞具有密集的细胞器网络，该细胞器不移动，这对于大多数真核细胞而言并不常见。本研究的目的是追踪前氧化剂诱导的氧化应激的时空发展（传播）及其与线粒体动力学的相互作用。我们使用了双歧双歧杆菌酵母细胞是一种模型，因为它们比其他模型具有优势，包括独特的大尺寸，易于观察和自由移动的线粒体，能够在明确定义的低成本底物上旺盛生长的能力以及高责任感。结果表明，在整个细胞中，普遍存在氧化应激开始于线粒体中，由氧化剂引发氧化应激。对于酵母，这些发现是首次获得。酵母细胞与线粒体定位抗氧化剂SkQ1的预孵育，大大减少了线粒体ROS的产生，同时仅稍微缓解了普遍的氧化应激。这是预期的，但尚未显示。重要的，