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Intergenerational Mobility in Africa
Econometrica ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 , DOI: 10.3982/ecta17018
Alberto Alesina 1 , Sebastian Hohmann 1 , Stelios Michalopoulos 2 , Elias Papaioannou 3
Affiliation  

We examine intergenerational mobility (IM) in educational attainment in Africa since independence using census data. First, we map IM across 27 countries and more than 2800 regions, documenting wide cross‐country and especially within‐country heterogeneity. Inertia looms large as differences in the literacy of the old generation explain about half of the observed spatial disparities in IM. The rural‐urban divide is substantial. Though conspicuous in some countries, there is no evidence of systematic gender gaps in IM. Second, we characterize the geography of IM, finding that colonial investments in railroads and Christian missions, as well as proximity to capitals and the coastline are the strongest correlates. Third, we ask whether the regional differences in mobility reflect spatial sorting or their independent role. To isolate the two, we focus on children whose families moved when they were young. Comparing siblings, looking at moves triggered by displacement shocks, and using historical migrations to predict moving‐families' destinations, we establish that, while selection is considerable, regional exposure effects are at play. An extra year spent in a high‐mobility region before the age of 12 (and after 5) significantly raises the likelihood for children of uneducated parents to complete primary school. Overall, the evidence suggests that geographic and historical factors laid the seeds for spatial disparities in IM that are cemented by sorting and the independent impact of regions.

中文翻译:

非洲的代际流动

我们使用人口普查数据研究了自独立以来非洲教育程度的代际流动性 (IM)。首先,我们绘制了 27 个国家和 2800 多个地区的 IM,记录了广泛的跨国,尤其是国家内部的异质性。由于老一代人的读写能力差异解释了 IM 中观察到的大约一半的空间差异,惯性隐约可见。城乡差距很大。虽然在一些国家很明显,但没有证据表明 IM 存在系统性的性别差距。其次,我们描述了 IM 的地理特征,发现对铁路和基督教传教的殖民投资,以及与首都和海岸线的接近程度是最强的相关性。第三,我们询问流动性的区域差异是否反映了空间排序或它们的独立作用。将两者隔离,我们专注于家庭在年幼时搬家的儿童。比较兄弟姐妹,观察由流离失所冲击引发的迁移,并使用历史迁移来预测迁移家庭的目的地,我们确定,虽然选择相当多,但区域暴露效应正在发挥作用。在 12 岁之前(和 5 岁之后)在高流动性地区多花一年,显着提高了父母未受过教育的孩子完成小学学业的可能性。总体而言,证据表明地理和历史因素为 IM 中的空间差异埋下了种子,这些差异通过分类和区域的独立影响得到巩固。目的地,我们确定,虽然选择相当多,但区域曝光效应正在发挥作用。在 12 岁之前(和 5 岁之后)在高流动性地区多花一年,显着提高了父母未受过教育的孩子完成小学学业的可能性。总体而言,证据表明地理和历史因素为 IM 中的空间差异埋下了种子,这些差异通过分类和区域的独立影响得到巩固。目的地,我们确定,虽然选择相当多,但区域曝光效应正在发挥作用。在 12 岁之前(和 5 岁之后)在高流动性地区多花一年,显着提高了父母未受过教育的孩子完成小学学业的可能性。总体而言,证据表明地理和历史因素为 IM 中的空间差异埋下了种子,这些差异通过分类和区域的独立影响得到巩固。
更新日期:2021-01-16
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