Despite strong interest in the effects of working from home and using technology for work communication, exploration of the impact of different types of virtuality has not received much attention. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, we examine the effects of two contextual dimensions of virtual work (workplace mobility and distributed work) and employees' perceptions of group efficacy (knowledge sharing ability). Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of in-group collectivism as a personal contextual factor. Results from a survey of 676 individuals from five Danish multinational organizations showed a negative association between workplace mobility (e.g. working from home) and the perception of work group knowledge utilization. Positive associations, however, were found between distributed work (using technology) and both work group knowledge location and knowledge utilization. Furthermore, findings suggest that for work group members originating from countries considered to have a high level of in-group collectivism, the positive effect of distributed work on perceived work group knowledge utilization was less pronounced. This indicates that both the virtual work context and personal context need to be taken into account when assessing the effect of virtuality on group behavior. We finally discuss working from home compared to using technology at the workplace as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

尽管人们对在家工作和使用技术进行工作交流的效果产生了浓厚的兴趣，但是探索不同类型的虚拟化的影响并没有引起太多关注。利用社会认知理论，我们研究了虚拟工作的两个上下文维度（工作场所的流动性和分布式工作）和员工对团队效能的感知（知识共享能力）的影响。此外，本研究调查了群体内集体主义作为个人情境因素的调节作用。对来自五个丹麦跨国组织的676个人的调查结果显示，工作场所的流动性（例如在家工作）与对工作组知识利用的感知之间存在负相关关系。但是，积极的联系，被发现在分布式工作（使用技术）与工作组知识定位和知识利用之间。此外，研究结果表明，对于来自被认为具有较高的集体内集体主义水平的国家的工作组成员，分布式工作对感知的工作组知识利用的积极作用不太明显。这表明在评估虚拟性对团队行为的影响时，既要考虑虚拟工作环境又要考虑个人环境。最后，我们将讨论在家中工作与由于COVID-19大流行而在工作场所使用技术相比。分布式工作对感知的工作组知识利用的积极影响不太明显。这表明在评估虚拟性对团队行为的影响时，既要考虑虚拟工作环境又要考虑个人环境。最后，我们将讨论在家中工作与由于COVID-19大流行而在工作场所使用技术相比。分布式工作对感知的工作组知识利用的积极影响不太明显。这表明在评估虚拟性对团队行为的影响时，既要考虑虚拟工作环境又要考虑个人环境。最后，我们将讨论在家中工作与由于COVID-19大流行而在工作场所使用技术相比。