Abstract

Scholars have recently documented inequalities in parents’ spending on children in the United States. This article situates these trends cross-nationally by using expenditure data from the United States, Australia, Spain, and Norway. The article investigates differences across countries in the links between household income, female labor force participation, and spending on children. The links between income, female labor force participation, and spending are largest in the United States and smallest in Norway, while Spain and Australia are intermediate cases, suggesting that public provision lessens inequalities in parental spending on children.

中文翻译：

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四个国家儿童的支出：收入作用和妇女劳动力参与的差异

摘要

最近有学者记录了美国父母对子女的支出不平等。本文通过使用来自美国，澳大利亚，西班牙和挪威的支出数据来跨国分析这些趋势。这篇文章调查了各国在家庭收入，女性劳动力参与和儿童支出之间的联系方面的差异。收入，女性劳动力参与度和支出之间的联系在美国最大，而在挪威则最小，而西班牙和澳大利亚是中间情况，这表明公共供应减少了父母在儿童方面的支出不平等。