Abstract

This article analyzes eligibility for parental-leave benefits in twenty-one European countries. It distinguishes four ideal-type approaches to how leave-related benefits are granted (in-)dependent of parents’ labor market position: universal parenthood model, selective parenthood model, universal adult-worker model, and selective adult-worker model. An eligibility index is created to measure the inclusiveness of parental-leave benefits, alongside the degree of (de-)gendered entitlements. The importance of employment-based benefits and gender-sensitive policies increased between 2006 and 2017. Eligibility criteria remained stable, but due to labor market trends, such as increasing precariousness, fewer parents may fulfill the conditions for employment-based benefits.

中文翻译：

---

21个欧洲国家的父母假津贴的包容性：衡量休假资格中的社会和性别不平等

摘要

本文分析了21个欧洲国家/地区中父母育儿津贴的资格。它区分了四种理想类型的方法，以根据父母的劳动力市场地位来（与之相关）给予休假相关的福利：普遍的父母身份模型，选择性的父母身份模型，普遍的成人工人模型和选择性的成人工人模型。将创建一个资格指数来衡量父母休假福利的包容性以及（去）性别权利的程度。在2006年至2017年期间，以就业为基础的福利和对性别敏感的政策的重要性有所增加。资格标准保持稳定，但是由于劳动力市场趋势（例如不稳定因素增加），较少父母可以满足以就业为基础的福利条件。