Abstract

The Netherlands and Denmark housed Europe’s first two postwar homophile organizations, and by the 1960s, activists were already debating anti-homosexual laws in national media (in the Netherlands) demonstrating publicly; thus Stonewall was not the origin of activism in either of these countries. Yet the events in New York City 1969 had two lasting influences in these countries: first, Stonewall catalyzed a transnational ‘consciousness’ (or solidarity) among gay and lesbian activists during a period of radicalization; and second, the Christopher Street Liberation Day 1970 inspired the visible demonstrations known today as ‘Pride’ celebrations. From 1971, Denmark’s national organization planned Christopher Street Day demonstrations every June; and that same year, a radical Gay Liberation Front split off from the association. From 1977, the Netherlands planned its own late-June demonstrations, often with transnational themes (e.g. Anita Bryant in 1977, the Iranian Revolution in 1979). In the following decades, these demonstrations of gay/lesbian visibility moved to August, and Denmark (and Belgium) dropped Christopher Street from event names. Yet scholars, activists, and the general public still evoke the memory of the first Liberation Day when referring to a ‘post-Stonewall’ era in the Netherlands and Denmark.

中文翻译：

---

丹麦和荷兰的石墙暴动遗产

摘要

荷兰和丹麦是欧洲战后最初的两个同志组织的所在地，到1960年代，激进主义者已经在国家媒体（在荷兰）中公开辩论反同性恋法律。因此，石墙并不是这两个国家中激进主义的起源。然而，1969年纽约市的事件在这些国家产生了两种持久的影响：第一，在激进化时期，斯通沃尔在男女同性恋活动家之间催生了一种跨国的“意识”（或团结）。其次，1970年的克里斯托弗街解放日（Christopher Street Liberation Day）激发了今天被称为“骄傲”庆典的可见游行。从1971年开始，丹麦国家组织计划每年六月举办克里斯托弗街纪念日游行。同年，激进的同性恋解放阵线从该协会中分离出来。从1977年开始，荷兰策划了自己的6月下旬的示威活动，通常带有跨国主题（例如1977年的安妮塔·布莱恩特（Anita Bryant），1979年的伊朗革命）。在随后的几十年中，这些关于同性恋可见性的示威活动转移到了八月，丹麦（和比利时）将克里斯托弗街从活动名称中删除。然而，当提到荷兰和丹麦的“后石墙”时代时，学者，激进主义者和公众仍然对第一个解放日记忆犹新。