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Herring Trade, Quality Controls and Diplomacy in Cologne in the Fifteenth Century*
German History ( IF 0.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1093/gerhis/ghaa065
Nicolas Brunmayr 1
Affiliation  

Abstract
The importance of herring to Cologne’s medieval economy is well-known and the need to control the quality of this long-distance and perishable product has also been widely recognized. The interregional quality norms that Cologne negotiated with Low Countries fishing towns in 1481 have been neglected, however. This article offers the first reconstruction of the diplomatic process that led to the edict and an analysis of the motives that impelled the diverse stakeholders to reach an agreement. The article demonstrates that in addition to herring’s commercial significance, its quality control was a major issue and was used as an instrument of influence by Cologne and other powers in the politically decentralized Holy Roman Empire. Comprehensive analysis of Cologne’s abundant sources shows how exchanges of letters and complaints gradually fed into formal negotiations, culminating in the publication of a crucial edict that established an interregional quality control system and took account of the interests of the different stakeholders in the herring trade. The article suggests that this push for regulation was also an element of Cologne’s economic strategy since it helped justify the taxes the city levied on goods in transit at the expense of competing actors in the Rhine region. In short, the example of quality controls on herring shows how food trade studies can shed light on power relations in the Empire during the late Middle Ages.


中文翻译:

15世纪科隆的鲱鱼贸易,质量控制和外交*

摘要
鲱鱼对科隆中世纪经济的重要性是众所周知的,控制这种长途易腐产品的质量的需求也已得到广泛认可。但是,忽略了科隆在1481年与低地国家渔镇谈判的区域间质量规范。本文提供了导致该法令的外交程序的首次重构,并分析了促使各利益相关方达成协议的动机。这篇文章表明,除了鲱鱼的商业意义外,对鲱鱼的质量控制也是一个主要问题,并且在政治上分散的神圣罗马帝国中,它被科隆和其他大国用作影响力的工具。对科隆丰富资源的全面分析表明,信件和投诉的交换如何逐渐进入正式谈判,最终发表了一项重要法令,该法令建立了区域间质量控制体系,并考虑了鲱鱼贸易中不同利益相关者的利益。这篇文章表明,这种推动管制也是科隆经济战略的一部分,因为它有助于证明该市对运输中的商品征收的税收是合理的,而这却损害了莱茵河地区的竞争者的利益。简而言之,鲱鱼质量控制的例子表明,在中世纪后期,食品贸易研究如何揭示帝国的权力关系。最终发表了一项重要法令,该法令建立了区域间质量控制体系,并考虑了鲱鱼贸易中不同利益相关者的利益。这篇文章表明,这种推动管制也是科隆经济战略的一部分,因为它有助于证明该市对运输中的商品征收的税收是合理的,而这却损害了莱茵河地区的竞争者的利益。简而言之,鲱鱼质量控制的例子表明,在中世纪后期,食品贸易研究如何揭示帝国的权力关系。最终发表了一项重要法令,该法令建立了区域间质量控制体系,并考虑了鲱鱼贸易中不同利益相关者的利益。这篇文章表明,这种推动管制也是科隆经济战略的一部分,因为它有助于证明该市对运输中的商品征收的税收是合理的,而这却损害了莱茵河地区的竞争者的利益。简而言之,鲱鱼质量控制的例子表明,在中世纪后期,食品贸易研究如何揭示帝国的权力关系。这篇文章表明,这种推动管制也是科隆经济战略的一部分,因为它有助于证明该市对运输中的商品征收的税收是合理的,而这却损害了莱茵河地区的竞争者的利益。简而言之,鲱鱼质量控制的例子表明,在中世纪后期,食品贸易研究如何揭示帝国的权力关系。这篇文章表明,这种推动管制也是科隆经济战略的一部分,因为它有助于证明该市对运输中的商品征收的税收是合理的,而这却损害了莱茵河地区的竞争者的利益。简而言之,鲱鱼质量控制的例子表明,在中世纪后期,食品贸易研究如何揭示帝国的权力关系。
更新日期:2020-10-06
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