Abstract

Workers in Le Havre developed resilience through trade union activism, political commitment and community engagement in the pre-war period. This resilience allowed them to display their anger at new hardships that appeared at the start of the German occupation. In particular, workers rioted at a major building site and demanded and achieved wage rises; and, as the RAF bombed their town day and night, they continuously made demands for danger money. Indeed, they did not change their behaviour because the circumstances in which they now lived had changed; they continued to use the skills they had learnt during pre-war industrial battles to make demands that would improve the material situation of themselves and their fellow trade unionists. This analysis differs from most of the major historiography on workers during the Occupation which claims workers during the first two years of the Occupation were broadly passive and cite the miners’ strike in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais as the exception which proves the rule.

中文翻译：

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被占领法国的工人抗灾能力：勒阿弗尔的工人，1941-1942年

摘要

勒阿弗尔的工人在战前时期通过工会的积极行动，政治承诺和社区参与发展了抵御能力。这种韧性使他们对德国占领初期出现的新困难表现出愤怒。特别是，工人在一个主要建筑工地发生骚乱，要求并实现工资增长；当皇家空军日夜轰炸他们的城镇时，他们不断要求提供危险资金。确实，他们没有改变他们的行为，因为他们现在生活的环境已经改变了。他们继续利用他们在战前工业战中学到的技能提出要求，以改善自身和同胞的物质状况。