Abstract

This article analyzes the environmental history of the Industrial Revolution by examining the evolution of the usage and management of the waters of the Piave, a river stretching from the eastern Alps to the Venetian Plain. In the preindustrial period, the Piave played a fundamental role in defining the flows of raw materials and energy in the region, representing the main route for transporting timber—the most important resource of the time—from Alpine forests to lowland urban areas. The onset of industrialization, especially the development of a railway network, undermined both this role and the economic activities that had been based on the exploitation of Alpine forests. The subsequent rise of hydroelectricity transformed the Piave from a transport route to an energy source. This transformation caused, in a shift applicable to more than just the Italian case, a redefinition of the social and economic relationships between upland and lowland areas: after the energy transition, the Alpine region ceased to be a constituent part of an interdependent system and instead became a periphery to an urban core.

中文翻译：

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高山能源转型：从木炭到“白煤”的皮亚韦河

摘要

本文通过考察Piave（一条从阿尔卑斯山东部一直延伸到威尼斯平原的河流）的水的使用和管理演变来分析工业革命的环境历史。在工业化前时期，Piave在定义该地区的原材料和能源流动方面发挥了重要作用，代表了从高山森林到低地城市地区运输木材的主要途径，这是当时最重要的资源。工业化的开始，特别是铁路网络的发展，破坏了这一作用，也破坏了以开发高山森林为基础的经济活动。随后水力发电的兴起使Piave从运输路线转变为能源来源。这种转变导致