Here we evaluate whether infant difficult temperament (6 months) functions as a vulnerability or more general plasticity factor when investigating effects of early-childhood parenting (8–42 months) on both positive and negative early-adolescent socioemotional development (age 8–11 years). Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 14,541) and a re-parameterized model-testing approach to distinguish alternative person × environment conceptual models, results indicated that temperament × parenting interacted in predicting externalizing (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems), but not other behavior (i.e., emotional symptoms, peer problems), in a (weak) differential susceptibility manner. While more and less supportive parenting predicted, respectively, fewer and more behavior problems, it did so more strongly for children who were more difficult as infants.

在这里，我们在调查幼儿育儿（8-42 个月）对青少年早期社会情绪发展（8-11 岁）的积极和消极影响时，评估婴儿困难气质（6 个月）是否作为脆弱性或更普遍的可塑性因素发挥作用）。使用来自雅芳父母和儿童纵向研究 (ALSPAC, N= 14,541）和重新参数化的模型测试方法来区分替代人 × 环境概念模型，结果表明气质 × 养育在预测外化（即多动、行为问题）方面相互作用，但不影响其他行为（即情绪症状、对等问题），以（弱）差异易感性方式。虽然越来越多和越来越少的支持性养育分别预示着越来越多的行为问题，但对于婴儿时期更困难的孩子来说，这种情况更为强烈。