For more than a decade, U.S. courts have struggled to develop a common law immunity regime to govern suits brought against foreign government officials, and they are now divided on a number of issues, including the extent to which they should defer to the executive branch and whether to recognize a jus cogens exception. This Editorial Comment considers a more conceptual division in the courts, between an “effect-of-judgment” approach that would confer immunity only when the judgment that the plaintiff is seeking would be directly enforceable against the foreign state, and a broader “nature-of-act” approach that would confer immunity whenever the plaintiff's case is challenging conduct carried out on behalf of the state. The Comment argues in favor of the nature-of-act approach and explains why analogies in this context to domestic civil rights litigation are misplaced.

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对美国外国官方豁免普通法的冲突方法

十多年来，美国法院一直在努力制定普通法豁免制度来管辖针对外国政府官员的诉讼，现在它们在许多问题上存在分歧，包括它们应在多大程度上服从行政部门和是否认强制法例外。本社论评论考虑了法院在概念上的划分，即仅在原告寻求的判决可直接针对外国强制执行时才授予豁免权的“判决效果”方法与更广泛的“自然-当原告的案件对代表国家进行的行为提出质疑时，该方法将赋予豁免权。该评论支持行为性质的方法，并解释了为什么在这种情况下与国内民权诉讼进行类比是错误的。