Abstract

Available nitrogen (N) in the soil is an essential mineral element for plant growth and development. Nitrate (NO₃^–) is one component among the N sources for higher plants that can be taken up by the roots and translocated to the shoots for reduction or for storage in vacuoles. The edible parts of the plants, especially in leafy vegetables, may accumulate large amounts of this ion, which may contribute to several adverse health effects in consumers. In this review, we focus on how the nitrate behaves as a local nutrient and systemic signal for molecular, metabolism, physiology, and other plant development. We also discuss how nitrate uptake by the plant system relies on the N status of the plant itself, and on the developmental stages of the root. In addition, we also detail review how the various environmental factors, such as light, temperature, nutritional conditions and water status are involved as key nitrogen sources contributing to the nitrate accumulation in the plant. A better understanding of environmental factors that affect N- sources of the nitrate content could support improving quality of crop productivity and enhance availability of healthy food to consumers.

抽象的

土壤中的有效氮（N）是植物生长和发育所必需的矿物质元素。硝酸盐（NO ₃ ^–）是高等植物N种来源中的一种成分，可以被根部吸收并转移到枝条上进行还原或储存在液泡中。植物的可食用部分，特别是在多叶蔬菜中，可能积累大量这种离子，可能对消费者的健康产生若干不利影响。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注硝酸盐如何作为分子，新陈代谢，生理学和其他植物发育的局部营养素和系统性信号。我们还将讨论植物系统吸收硝酸盐的方式如何依赖于植物本身的N状态以及根的发育阶段。此外，我们还详细介绍了各种环境因素，例如光线，温度，营养条件和水分状况是导致植物硝酸盐积累的关键氮源。对影响硝酸盐氮源的环境因素的更好理解可以支持提高农作物生产力的质量并增加消费者获得健康食品的机会。