Recent breakthroughs in transcriptome analysis and gene characterization have provided valuable resources and information about the maize endosperm developmental program. The high temporal‐resolution transcriptome analysis has yielded unprecedented access to information about the genetic control of seed development. Detailed spatial transcriptome analysis using laser‐capture microdissection has revealed the expression patterns of specific populations of genes in the four major endosperm compartments: the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), aleurone layer (AL), starchy endosperm (SE), and embryo‐surrounding region (ESR). Although the overall picture of the transcriptional regulatory network of endosperm development remains fragmentary, there have been some exciting advances, such as the identification of OPAQUE11 (O11) as a central hub of the maize endosperm regulatory network connecting endosperm development, nutrient metabolism, and stress responses, and the discovery that the endosperm adjacent to scutellum (EAS) serves as a dynamic interface for endosperm‐embryo crosstalk. In addition, several genes that function in BETL development, AL differentiation, and the endosperm cell cycle have been identified, such as ZmSWEET4c, Thk1, and Dek15, respectively. Here, we focus on current advances in understanding the molecular factors involved in BETL, AL, SE, ESR, and EAS development, including the specific transcriptional regulatory networks that function in each compartment during endosperm development.

中文翻译：

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玉米胚乳发育

最近在转录组分析和基因表征方面的突破为玉米胚乳发育计划提供了宝贵的资源和信息。高时间分辨率转录组分析为获取有关种子发育遗传控制的信息提供了前所未有的途径。使用激光捕获显微切割进行的详细空间转录组分析揭示了四个主要胚乳区室中特定基因群的表达模式：基底胚乳转移层 (BETL)、糊粉层 (AL)、淀粉质胚乳 (SE) 和胚乳周边地区（ESR）。尽管胚乳发育的转录调控网络的整体图景仍然不完整，但已经取得了一些令人兴奋的进展，例如确定 OPAQUE11 (O11) 作为连接胚乳发育、营养代谢和应激反应的玉米胚乳调控网络的中心枢纽，以及发现与盾片 (EAS) 相邻的胚乳作为胚乳的动态界面胚胎串扰。此外，还鉴定了几种在 BETL 发育、AL 分化和胚乳细胞周期中起作用的基因，例如分别为 ZmSWEET4c、Thk1和Dek15。在这里，我们专注于了解参与 BETL、AL、SE、ESR 和 EAS 发育的分子因素的当前进展，包括在胚乳发育过程中在每个隔室中起作用的特定转录调控网络。