The desired energy transition to guarantee net-zero greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions needs to take place in every sector of the global economy. The transport sector is responsible for a large share of energy consumption and GHGs emissions while contributing to the increase in air pollution. Although new technologies are available, the use of diesel in road transport is still predominant. These new technologies, nonetheless, still present inconsistencies in their environment, economic performances and do not necessarily provide improvements when considering the entire fuel life cycle used in medium and heavy-duty trucks. This systematic review addresses the uncertainties in life cycle studies regarding the road transport sector fuel consumption, GHGs, and air pollutant emissions economic analyses. Results show that there are higher chances of reducing GHGs emissions through biogas or fuel-cell hydrogen trucks, while PM_2.5 and NOx emissions have higher chances of being reduced with fuel-cell hydrogen or natural gas trucks. There is, however, a reduced interest by the scientific community in the transport literature in dealing with air pollutants, and the focus is mainly on GHGs emissions. When it comes to economic viability, natural gas and hybrid trucks are the best substitutes.

中文翻译：

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道路中重型卡车生命周期温室气体、空气污染物排放和成本回顾

全球经济的每个部门都需要进行理想的能源转型，以保证温室气体 (GHG) 净零排放。交通部门在能源消耗和温室气体排放中占很大比例，同时也加剧了空气污染。尽管有新技术可用，但柴油在公路运输中的使用仍占主导地位。然而，考虑到中重型卡车使用的整个燃料生命周期，这些新技术在其环境、经济性能方面仍然存在不一致，并且不一定能提供改进。本系统综述解决了生命周期研究中关于道路运输部门燃料消耗、温室气体和空气污染物排放经济分析的不确定性。燃料电池氢气或天然气卡车减少_2.5和 NOx 排放的可能性更高。然而，科学界对处理空气污染物的交通文献的兴趣减少，重点主要是温室气体排放。在经济可行性方面，天然气和混合动力卡车是最好的替代品。