Cancer and the breakdown of multicellularity: What Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba, can teach us,BioEssays

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Cancer and the breakdown of multicellularity: What Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba, can teach us
BioEssays ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000156
Sabateeshan Mathavarajah ₁ , Carter VanIderstine ₁ , Graham Dellaire _{1,

2} , Robert J Huber ₃

Affiliation

Ancient pathways promoting unicellularity and multicellularity are associated with cancer, the former being pro‐oncogenic and the latter acting to suppress oncogenesis. However, there are only a limited number of non‐vertebrate models for studying these pathways. Here, we review Dictyostelium discoideum and describe how it can be used to understand these gene networks. D. discoideum has a unicellular and multicellular life cycle, making it possible to study orthologs of cancer‐associated genes in both phases. During development, differentiated amoebae form a fruiting body composed of a mass of spores that are supported atop a stalk. A portion of the cells sacrifice themselves to become non‐reproductive stalk cells. Cheating disrupts the principles of multicellularity, as cheater cells alter their cell fate to preferentially become spores. Importantly, D. discoideum has gene networks and several strategies for maintaining multicellularity. Therefore, D. discoideum can help us better understand how conserved genes and pathways involved in multicellularity also influence cancer development, potentially identifying new therapeutic avenues.

中文翻译：

癌症和多细胞性的崩溃：盘基网柄菌（一种社会变形虫）可以教给我们什么

促进单细胞性和多细胞性的古老途径与癌症有关，前者具有促癌作用，而后者则起到抑制肿瘤发生的作用。然而，用于研究这些途径的非脊椎动物模型数量有限。在这里，我们回顾了盘基网柄菌，并描述了如何使用它来理解这些基因网络。D. 椎间盘具有单细胞和多细胞生命周期，使得在两个阶段研究癌症相关基因的直向同源物成为可能。在发育过程中，分化的变形虫形成子实体，由支撑在茎上的大量孢子组成。一部分细胞牺牲自己成为非生殖性茎细胞。作弊破坏了多细胞性的原理，因为作弊细胞改变了它们的细胞命运，优先成为孢子。重要的是，D. discoideum具有基因网络和多种维持多细胞性的策略。因此，D. discoideum可以帮助我们更好地了解涉及多细胞性的保守基因和途径如何影响癌症的发展，从而可能确定新的治疗途径。

更新日期：2021-03-15

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