The separation of oil-in-water emulsions has become an extremely important for both environmentally and industrial related applications. Herein, a graphene-based sponge (rGO@MF) was developed and utilized for separating various heavy oil-in-water emulsions as well as oil/water mixtures. The superhydrophobic sponge was engineered through facile surface-treatment and hydrothermal steps. The surface and structural properties of the rGO@MF sponge and the nanoemulsions were thoroughly characterized by advanced techniques. The high-resolution SEM and EDX mapping confirmed the homogeneous distribution of rGO sheets surrounding the fibers. The developed rGO@MF sponge showed excellent chemical stability and durability. The correlation between the oil type, droplet size and concentration of oil/water mixtures and emulsions, and the rGO@MF adsorption capacity and removal efficiency, were extensively investigated. The developed superhydrophobic rGO@MF sponge showed water contact angle of ~164º and exhibited superior adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of up to 5647 mg/g and 95 ± 3% respectively, for crude oil-in-water emulsions of 30 g/l. In addition, the rGO@MF sponge maintained its high separation performance over ten consecutive adsorption cycles. The adsorption capacity of the rGO@MF sponge maintained up to 92% of its initial values after ten cycles. The calculated activated adsorption energy for crude oil-in-water emulsion on rGO@MF sponge was 16.59 kJ mol⁻¹ indicating a physical adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics and interactions were carefully explored and a general mechanism of separation for both oil-in-water nanoemulsions and oil/water mixtures was introduced.

水包油乳液的分离对于环境和工业相关应用都变得极为重要。本文中，开发了基于石墨烯的海绵（rGO @ MF）并将其用于分离各种重水包油乳液以及油/水混合物。超疏水性海绵是通过容易的表面处理和水热步骤设计的。rGO @ MF海绵和纳米乳液的表面和结构特性已通过先进技术进行了全面表征。高分辨率SEM和EDX映射确认了rGO纤维在纤维周围的均匀分布。研发的rGO @ MF海绵具有出色的化学稳定性和耐用性。油类型，油滴大小与油/水混合物和乳液浓度之间的相关性，并对rGO @ MF的吸附能力和去除效率进行了广泛的研究。研制的超疏水rGO @ MF海绵对水的接触角约为164º，对30 g / l的水包原油乳液的吸附能力和脱除效率分别高达5647 mg / g和95±3％。此外，rGO @ MF海绵在连续十个吸附循环中仍保持其高分离性能。十个循环后，rGO @ MF海绵的吸附容量保持其初始值的92％。rGO @ MF海绵上的水包油原油乳液的活化活化能经计算为16.59 kJ mol 所开发的超疏水rGO @ MF海绵对水的接触角约为164º，对于30 g / l的水包原油乳液，分别具有高达5647 mg / g和95±3％的优异吸附能力和去除效率。另外，rGO @ MF海绵在连续十个吸附循环中仍保持其高分离性能。十个循环后，rGO @ MF海绵的吸附容量保持其初始值的92％。rGO @ MF海绵上的水包油原油乳液的活化活化能经计算为16.59 kJ mol 研制的超疏水rGO @ MF海绵对水的接触角约为164º，对30 g / l的水包原油乳液的吸附能力和脱除效率分别高达5647 mg / g和95±3％。另外，rGO @ MF海绵在连续十个吸附循环中仍保持其高分离性能。十个循环后，rGO @ MF海绵的吸附容量保持其初始值的92％。rGO @ MF海绵上的水包油原油乳液的活化活化能经计算为16.59 kJ mol 十个循环后，rGO @ MF海绵的吸附容量保持其初始值的92％。rGO @ MF海绵上的水包油原油乳液的活化活化能经计算为16.59 kJ mol 十个循环后，rGO @ MF海绵的吸附容量保持其初始值的92％。rGO @ MF海绵上的水包油原油乳液的活化活化能经计算为16.59 kJ mol^-1表示物理吸附过程。仔细研究了吸附动力学和相互作用，并介绍了水包油型纳米乳液和油/水混合物的一般分离机理。