The visual probe paradigm allows for evaluating attentional bias (AB), distinguishing between approach vs avoidance patterns of attention and assessing two different processes when the exposure time to images is manipulated: initial orienting and maintenance of attention. The present study aimed to analyze the predictive capacity of these two processes for substance use disorder severity and therapeutic outcomes of patients with cocaine use disorder in treatment.

The sample consisted of 70 outpatients who were starting treatment at a public service. AB was evaluated using a task based on the visual probe (VP) paradigm with images presented under two conditions: 200 ms vs 1000 ms. Cocaine and alcohol use disorder severity, craving, retention in treatment and relapse in consumption were recorded.

Cocaine AB in the 1000 ms condition was negatively correlated with the cocaine use disorder severity (r = −0.26), whilst a positive correlation was found between cocaine craving and cocaine AB (r = 0.29). Alcohol use disorder severity negatively correlated with cocaine AB in the 200 ms condition (r = −0.24). Logistic regression analysis revealed that, after controlling for gender, age, and substance use disorder severity, cocaine AB in the 200 ms condition predicted dropout and relapse. Our results suggest that patients who adhere to treatment and remain abstinent tend to show avoidance in the 200 ms condition, with effect sizes of r = 0.29 and 0.30 respectively. The results suggest that training in avoidance strategies could be a valuable way of maintaining adherence and abstinence, as well as improving control of craving.

视觉探针范式可用于评估注意力偏差（AB），区分注意力的注意方式与避免的注意方式以及在操纵图像的曝光时间时评估两个不同的过程：最初的定向和注意力的维持。本研究旨在分析这两种过程对可卡因使用障碍患者治疗中的物质使用障碍严重性和治疗结果的预测能力。

样本包括70位正在开始接受公共服务治疗的门诊病人。使用基于视觉探针（VP）范式的任务对AB进行评估，并在两种条件下显示图像：200 ms与1000 ms。记录了可卡因和酒精使用障碍的严重程度，渴望，治疗保留和消费复发。

1000毫秒条件下的可卡因AB与可卡因使用障碍的严重程度呈负相关（r = -0.26），而可卡因的渴望与可卡因AB之间存在正相关（r = 0.29）。在200毫秒的情况下，酒精使用障碍的严重程度与可卡因AB呈负相关（r = -0.24）。Logistic回归分析显示，在控制了性别，年龄和物质使用失调的严重程度之后，可卡因AB在200毫秒的情况下预计会出现辍学和复发。我们的结果表明，坚持治疗并戒断的患者在200 ms的情况下倾向于避免使用，其影响大小为r 分别为0.29和0.30。结果表明，在规避策略方面的培训可能是保持坚持和节制以及改善对渴望的控制的宝贵途径。