The conversion of highly diverse tropical lowland rainforests to monocultures of oil palm and rubber leads to drastic changes in fungal community structures. The magnitude of structuring effects, driven by changes in root or soil properties, on trophic groups with different ecological functions (mycorrhiza, saprotrophs, and pathogens) remains unknown. Here, we investigated shifts in the composition of different ecological groups of soil- and root-inhabiting fungi in response to changes in the soil and root chemistry of different land-use systems. We found an unexpectedly high turnover and low nestedness between local root and soil communities. In addition to soil pH, the root chemistry, especially root C/N, had strong bottom-up regulatory effects on the root-associated fungal assemblages, while root vitality had strong effects on the soil-residing fungi. Changes in root and soil chemistry drove divergent responses in different functional groups and had a stronger impact on fungal community structures than geographic distance. Our results suggest that changes in root chemistry promote the assemblage of specific root-associated fungal communities, largely independent of the surrounding soil community. Consequently, the recovery of root traits in intense land-use systems may stabilize the fungal communities against abiotic changes.

高度多样化的热带低地雨林向油棕和橡胶的单一栽培转变，导致真菌群落结构发生巨大变化。由根或土壤性质的变化驱动的结构效应对具有不同生态功能（菌根，腐生菌和病原体）的营养类的影响程度仍然未知。在这里，我们调查了土壤和根系真菌的不同生态组的组成变化，以响应不同土地利用系统的土壤和根系化学变化。我们发现本地根与土壤群落之间出乎意料的高周转率和低嵌套度。除了土壤pH值外，根系化学物质（尤其是根系C / N）对根系相关真菌组合物具有强大的自下而上的调节作用，根系活力对土壤真菌有很强的影响。根系和土壤化学的变化导致不同功能组的反应不同，并且对真菌群落结构的影响远大于地理距离。我们的结果表明，根化学的变化促进了特定的与根相关的真菌群落的组装，而这些真菌群落很大程度上独立于周围的土壤群落。因此，在密集的土地利用系统中恢复根系性状可以稳定真菌群落免受非生物变化的影响。在很大程度上独立于周围的土壤群落。因此，在密集的土地利用系统中恢复根系性状可以稳定真菌群落免受非生物变化的影响。在很大程度上独立于周围的土壤群落。因此，在密集的土地利用系统中恢复根系性状可以稳定真菌群落免受非生物变化的影响。